{ BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAP PROJECTIONS { { Edited by John P. Snyder, U.S. Geological Survey, 521 National Center, { Reston, VA 22092, { and Harry Steward, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, { Worcester, MA 01610. { { U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1856 { { First edition, 1988 { Second edition, unpublished, 1994 (2765 entries) { ftp://bastet.sbs.ohio-state.edu/biblio/mapproj/mapproj.cat.Z (260K) 1. Abate-Daga, G., 1928, Sulla applicazione del sistema proiezione Soldner alla formazione delle mappe catastalie italiane: International Congress of Mathematics, Bologna, Sept. 3-10, 1928, Atti, v. 6, no. 6, p. 317-325. 2. Abbatt, Richard, 1857, Orthographic projection of the globe on the plane of a given horizon; or, perspective view of the Earth: London, Day & Son, 15 p. 3. Abbe, Cleveland, 1906, A modified polar projection adapted to studies in dynamic meteorology: Amer. Geographical Society, Bulletin, v. 38, no. 2, p. 126-128. [Polar Azimuthal Equidistant projections, but reversed for south polar map.] 4.___1907, Comprehensive maps and models of the globe for special meteorological studies: Monthly Weather Review, v. 35, no. 12, p. 559-564. 5. Abelson, C.E., 1954, Common map projections (graticules): characteristics and uses: London, W.H. Smith, 29 p. 6. Abreu, Luis de Freitas, 1952-53, A projeçao conforme de Gauss: Revista Cartográfica, 1952, v. 1, no. 1, p. 115-126; 1953, v. 2, no. 2, p. 135-139. [Portuguese.] 7.___1954, O sistema UTMe a quadricula universal das cartas militares: Ministério da Guerra Directoria da Servico Geografico, Brazil, Anvário no. 4, 1951-2, pub. 1954, p. 135-144. [Portuguese.] 8. Adamczik, Josef, 1907, Ueber rein-geometrische Kartenprojektionen: Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen, v. 36, no. 1, p. 152-170. [Geometric projections.] 9.___1907, Ueber flächentreue Kegelprojektionen. Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen, v. 36, no. 10, p. 249-254. [Equal-area conic projections.] 10.___1912, Ein Beitrag zur stereographischen Horizontalprojektion: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen, v. 10, p. 69-73. 11. Adamo, L.C., Baer, Ledolph, and Hosmer, J.P., 1968, Icosahedral-gnomonic projection and grid of the world ocean for wave studies: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 73, no. 16, p. 5125-5132. 12. Adams, B.R., 1984, Transverse cylindrical stereographic and conical stereographic projections: Amer. Cartographer, v. 11, no. 1, p. 40-48. 13. Adams, O.S., 1918, Lambert projection tables for the United States: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 52, 243 p. 14.___1918, General theory of the Lambert conformal conic projection: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 53, 38 p. 15.___1919, General theory of polyconic projections: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 57, 174 p. [Reprinted 1934. Several projections with circular parallels of latitude.] 16.___1919, A study of map projections in general: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Spec. Pub. 60, 24 p. 17.___1921, Latitude developments connected with geodesy and cartography with tables, including a table for Lambert Equal-Area Meridional projection: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. No. 67, 132 p. 18.___1924, Projections as framework for maps: Military Engineer, v. 16, no. 88, p. 320-322. 19.___1925, The rhombic conformal projection: Bulletin Géodésique, no. 5, p. 1-26. 20.___1925, Elliptic functions applied to conformal world maps: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 112, 118 p. [Presents numerous conformal projections of world or hemisphere bounded by polygons or ellipse.] 21.___1927, Tables for Albers projection: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 130, 24 p. [For maps of the United States.] 22.___1929, Conformal projection of the sphere within a square: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 153, 13 p. 23.___1931, Parabolic equal-area projection world map: Military Engineer, v. 23, no. 129, p. 264-265. 24.___1934, Flatland: not a romance but a necessary expedient: Washington Academy of Sciences, Journal, v. 24, no. 5, p. 201-216. 25.___1936, Conformal map of the world in a square, poles in the middle of opposite sides: Bulletin Géodésique, no. 52, p. 461-473. 26.___1937, Development of State grid systems: Civil Engineering, v. 7, no. 1, p. 33-37. 27.___1945, General theory of equivalent projections: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 236, 74 p. [Discusses existing equal-area projections; presents independently quartic authalic pseudocylindrical, originally by Siemon (1937, Flächen...).] 28. Adams, O.S., and Claire, C.N., 1935, Manual of traverse computation on the Lambert grid: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Spec. Pub. 194, 235 p. 29.___1935, Manual of traverse computation on the Transverse Mercator grid: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Spec. Pub. 195, 197 p. 30. Adler, R.K. and Papo, H.B., 1984, Change of projection following readjustment: Cartographic Journal, v. 21, no. 2, p. 138-140. 31. Adler, R.K., Reilly, J.P., and Schwartz, C.R., 1968, A generalized system for the evaluation and automatic plotting of map projections: Canadian Surveyor, v. 22, no. 5, p. 442-450. 32. Admiralty of Great Britain, 1965, Azimuthal Equidistant projection: Flight and Aircraft Engineer, v. 50, p. 198. 32a. Adolph, Uwe-Christian, 1992, Neue vermittelnde Entwurfsgruppen - erzeugt über Matrizenformelm aus Mollweide-Netzen: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 42, no. 4, p. 134-138. [Arbitrary projection resembling the Winkel Tripel projection, but with distortion closer to the Robinson projection.] 33. Agajelu, S.I., 1987, On conformal representation of geodetic positions in Nigeria: Survey Review, v. 29, no. 223, p. 3-12. [Various ellipsoidal Transverse Mercator projections.] 34. Agim, Shekhu, 1958, O vybore postoyannykh v pryamykh ravnougolnykh konicheskikh proyektsiyakh: MIIGAiK, Trudy, no. 30, p. 83-90. [Russian. The choice of constants on precisely conformal conic projections.] 35.___1967, Një variant i projeksionit pseudokonik: Tirana, Bul. Univ. shtetër. Tiranës Ser. Shkenc. e Natur, v. 21, no. 3, p. 61-69. [Albanian with French abstract. A new variant of a pseudoconic projection.] 36. Agria Torres, Joao, 1981, [Unified European net of longitudes]: Instituto Geográfico e Cadastral, Revista, no. 1, p. 103-105. [Portuguese with English abstract.] 37. Ahlfors, L.V., 1966, Lectures on quasiconformal mapping: New York, Van Nostrand. 38. Airy, G.B., 1861, Explanation of a projection by balance of errors for maps applying to a very large extent of the Earth's surface; and comparison of this projection with other projections: London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, series 4, v. 22, no. 149, p. 409-421. [Presents his minimum-error azimuthal projection. See correction by James and Clarke (1862).] 39. Aitoff, David, 1889, Projections des cartes géographiques: In Atlas de Géographie Moderne: Paris, Hachette. [Introduces his projection adapting the Azimuthal Equidistant projection.] 40.___1892, Note sur la projection zenithale equidistante et sur les canevas qui en est dérivé: Nouvelles Géographiques, v. 6, June, p. 87-90. 41.___1893, Projection équivalente applicable au continent Américain: Nouvelles Géographiques, series 3, no. 5, p. 72-74. 42.___1913, Projections des cartes géographiques, in Schrader, F. et alia, Atlas de Géographie Moderne, new ed.: Paris, Hachette & cie. 43. Albani, Francesco, 1973, Sulla semplificazione dei calcoli geotopografici operando sul piano conforme di Gauss-Boaga: Associazione Italiana di Cartografia, Bollettino, v. 10, no. 28-29, p. 71-94. 44. Albers, H.C., 1805, Über Murdoch's drey Kegelprojectionen: Zach's Monatliche Correspondenz zur Beförderung der Erd- und Himmels-Kunde, v. 11, Feb., p. 97-114; Mar., p. 240-250. [Murdoch's three conic projections.] 45.___1805, Beschreibung einer neuen Kegelprojektion: Zach's Monatliche Correspondenz zur Beförderung der Erd- und Himmels-Kunde, v. 12, Nov., p. 450-459. [Presents his equal-area conic projection.] 46. Albinus, Hans-Joachim, 1979, Lokale und globale Aspekte bei Verzerrungsfunktionen kartographischer Netzentwürfe: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 29, no. 3, p. 90-93. 47.___1981, Anmerkungen und Kritik zur Entfernungsverzerrung: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 31, no. 5, p. 179-183. [Comments and criticism of distance distortion.] 48. Alexander, William, and Allan, W.J.D., 1941, The observer's book on maps, charts and projections: London, George Allen and Unwin; simultaneously New York, Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 91 p. 49. Alexich, Carl, 1885, Über Kartenprojectionen: Streffleur's Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift, new series, v. 3, p. 173-215. 50. Ali, S.M., 1941, The simple theory of projections: Indian Geographical Journal, v. 16, no. 4, p. 355-375. 51. Allan, A.L., 1968, The graphical construction of map projections of the sphere: Cartographic Journal, v. 5, no. 2, p. 125-134. 52. Allard, P., 1948 (1949), La projection conforme de déformation stationnaire le long d'une courbe: Annales Hydrographiques, series 3, v. 20, p. 101-172. 53. Allgemeine Geographische Ephemeriden, 1815, Versuch einer deutlichen Darstellung der vorzüglichsten Entwerfungsarten einiger geographischen Körper und der Landcharten, für Chartenliebhaber, welche die praktische Geometrie nicht kennen: v. 46, April, p. 409-424. 54. Almagià, Roberto, 1941, Un prezioso cimelio della cartografia italiana. Il planisfero di urbano Monti: Bibliofilia, v. 43, no. 20, p. 156-193. 55. Alpha, T.R., and Snyder, J.P., 1982, The properties and uses of selected map projections: U.S. Geological Survey Misc. Investigations Series I-1402, sheet. 56. Amaturo, Enrico, 1904, Alcune questioni di proiezione centrale: Naples, Accademia Reale delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche, 15 p. 56a. Amer. Cartographic Assn., 1989, Geographers and cartographers urge end to popular use of rectangular maps: Amer. Cartographer, v. 16, no. 3, p. 222-223. [Same statement as The case against rectangular world maps, Cartographic Journal, 1989, v. 26, no. 2, p. 156-157, and in other journals.] 57. Amer. Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Bulletin, 1977, Peters projection - to each country its due on the world map: no. 59, p. 13-15. [Reprint from The Bulletin, 1977, v. 25, no. 17, p. 126-127, issued by Press and Information Office, Govt. of Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn. See also separate comments by Robinson, A.H., and Snyder, J.P., 1978, no. 60, p. 27.] 58. Amer. Geographical Society, Bulletin, 1904, Representation of the earth on a new star projection: v. 36, no. 6, p. 365-366. [Berthou's star projection, using polar Stereographic for inner hemisphere.] 59. Amiantova, L.N., 1966, Transformirovanie azimutalykh kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 11, p. 65-69. [Russian. Transformation of azimuthal projections.] 60. 'Anatupon ek ton 'Technikon Chronikon, 1963, E azimouthiakh isapechousa probole tou Hatt: Athens, 21 p. [Greek. Hatt Azimuthal Equidistant projection for ellipsoid, used in Greece. Based on Hatt, Philippe, 1886, Définition et emploi des coordonnées azimutales: Annales Hydrographiques, v. 8, series 2, "semestre" 2, p. 477-504.] 60a. Andersen, Kirsti, 1987, The central projection in one of Ptolemy's map constructions: Centaurus, v. 30, no. 2, p. 106-113. 61. Anderson, D.P., 1982, An orientation method for central projection programs: Computers and Graphics, v. 6, no. 1, p. 33-37. 62. Anderson, P.S., 1974, An oblique, poly-cylindrical, orthographic azimuthal equidistant cartographic projection: its purpose, construction and theory: Cartography, v. 8, no. 4, p. 182-186. 63. André, Neal, 1774, Description et usuages de la mappemonde projettée sur l'horizon de Paris: Paris, Merigo, l'aine. 64. Andrews, H.J., 1935, Note on the use of Oblique Cylindrical Orthomorphic projection: Geographical Journal, v. 86, no. 5, p. 446. 65.___1938, A round-the-world map on Airy's projection: Geographical Journal, v. 92, no. 6, p. 537. 66.___1938, An Oblique Mercator projection for Europe and Asia: Geographical Journal, v. 92, no. 6, p. 538. 67.___1952, Aitoff's projection of the sphere: Geographical Journal, v. 118, pt. 2, p. 236-237. [Points out that projection usually called Aitoff's should be called Hammer's.] 68.___1952, A new net for a world map: Geographical Journal, v. 118, pt. 4, p. 513-514. [Oblique aspect of Eckert V projection.] 69. Andreyev, Marin, 1971, Poluchavaniye na varianti ortogonalni kartografski proyektsii: Izvestiya na Tsentralnata Laboratoriya po Geodeziya, v. 12, p. 103-108. [Bulgarian. Variants of an orthogonal cartographic projection.] 70.___1972, Primeneniye giperbolicheskikh funktsiy pri poluchenii novykh kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 3, p. 95-100. [Russian. Translated to English as A use of hyperbolic functions to obtain new map projections: Geodesy and Aerophotography, 1972, no. 3, p. 174-177.] 71.___1973, Anwendung der Funktion von Schukowski in der mathematischen Kartographie: Sofia, Bulgar. Akad. d. Wissenschaften, Vladimiro K. Hristov Septuagenario, p. 159-163. 71a.___1974, Varianty tsilindricheskikh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, p. 117-120. [Russian. Variants of cylindrical projections.] 71b.___1975, Varianty azimutal'nykh proyektsiy, poluchennye putem obobshcheniya perspektivnykh azimutal'nykh proyektsiy s positivnym i negativnym izobrazhennem: Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Zemeustroystvo, v. 15, no. 4, p. 27-29. [Russian. Variants of azimuthal projections made by generalizing perspective azimuthal projections with positive and negative representations.] 72.___1978, [A possibility of obtaining variations of non-orthogonal circular projections]: Glavn. Upravlenie po Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Kadastar, Izvestiya, no. 1-2, p. 17-21. [Bulgarian.] 73.___1978, [Blending perspective and non-perspective azimuthal projections and obtaining new variations of azimuthal projections]: Glavn. Upravlenie po Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Kadastar, Izvestiya, no. 6, p. 35-38. [Bulgarian.] 74.___1980, [Obtaining azimuthal projections with the use of an auxiliary sphere as an intermediate projection plane]: Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Zemeustroystvo, v. 20, no. 3, p. 31-34. [Bulgarian. Generalization of some of M.D. Solov'ev's work.] 75.___1981, [Conical projections using an auxiliary sphere]: Vissa Geodeziya, v. 7, p. 47-52. [Bulgarian.] 76.___1981, [Obtaining pseudocylindrical projections with images of meridional ellipses]: Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Zemeustroystvo, v. 21, no. 2, p. 26-27. [Bulgarian.] 77.___1982, [Obtaining cylindrical projections by the use of an auxiliary sphere as intermediate projection surface]: Godisnik - Vissiya Institut po Arhitektura i Stroitelstvo, 1981-82, v. 29, no. 3, p. 81-90. [Bulgarian. English abstract in Geo Abstracts, 1984, no. 5, p. 341.] 78.___1982, [Variants of orthogonal circular projections for the presentation of hemispheres]: Vissa Geodeziya, v. 8, p. 60-64. [Bulgarian. English abstract in Geo Abstracts, 1984, no. 5, p. 341.] 79.___1983, V'rchu obshchata teoriya na ortogonalnite kr'govi proyektsii: Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Zemeustroystvo, v. 23, no. 6, p. 27-29. [Bulgarian. On the general theory of orthogonal circular projections.] 79a.___1983, V'rkhu obshchata teorii ortogonal'nykh krugovykh proyektsiy: Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Zemeustroystvo, v. 23, no. 6, p. 27-29. [Bulgarian. Problems of the general theory of orthogonal circular projections.] 80.___1984, Ortogonalni krugovi proyektsii s malki ploshchni deformachii: Geodeziya, Kartografiya i Zemeustroystvo, v. 24, no. 5, p. 21-25. [Bulgarian. Orthogonal circle projections with little area deformation.] 81. Anesi, J., 1948, Aspectos graficos de la cartografia: Revista Geographica Americana, Oct. 82. Angel, Shlomo, and Hyman, G.M., 1972, Transformations and geographic theory: Geographical Analysis, v. 4, no. 4, p. 350-367. [Cartograms.] 83. Angus-Leppan, P.V., 1968, Plane coordinate systems in surveying: Australian Surveyor, v. 22, no. 3, p. 185-197. 84. Ansermet, Auguste, 1915, La ligne géodésique et le nouveau système de coordonnées: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 13, p. 176ff. 85.___1923, A propos du nouveau système de projection: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 21, p. 229ff. 86.___1925, Du choix d'un système de projection: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 23, p. 145ff. 87.___1928, Le problème des projéctions au Congrès de Prague 1927: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 26, p. 73ff. 88.___1931, Des projections à pôle déplacé: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 29, p. 72ff. 89.___1941, Quelques caractéristiques du Système de coordonnées Bonne: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 39, no. 7, p. 189-192. 90.___1957, Les projections géodésiques conformes à variables non dissociées: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessung, Kulturtechnik und Photogrammetrie, v. 55, no. 6, p. 164-168. [French with German abstract.] 91.___1962, Le calcul des déformations dans le nouveau système suisse de projection conforme: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessung, Kulturtechnik und Photogrammetrie, v. 60, no. 1, p. 7-11. 92.___1967, Sur le choix d'un système de coordonnées géodésiques conformes: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessung, Photogrammetrie und Kulturtechnik, v. 65, no. 11, p. 349-354. [French with German abstract.] 93. Aran, Muhiddin, 1951, Gauss-Krüger projeksiyonu ve tatbikati: Ankara, Harta Genel Müdürlügü, Harta dergisi özel yayini No. 1, 27 p. [Turkish. Gauss-Krüger or Transverse Mercator projection.] 94. Araya Vergara, J.F., 1969, La proyección conica conforme de Lambert y los paralelos normales de Chile: Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografia, no. 137, p. 143-147. [Lambert Conformal Conic projection.] 95. Armstrong, Terence, 1966, The Northern Hemisphere on a polar projection: Geographical Magazine, v. 39, no. 7, November, p. 540-541. [See also p. 493. Polar Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection.] 96. Arnold, G.C., 1984, The derivation of the mapping equations and distortion formulae for the Satellite Tracking map projections: Blacksburg, Va., Va. Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Master's thesis. 97. Arnold, K., 1954, Die Krümmung der Gauss-Krügerschen Gitternetzlinien in der Polyederprojektion: Vermessungstechnik, v. 2, no. 4, p. 71-73. 98. Arrowsmith, Aaron, 1794, A companion to a map of the world: London, G. Bigg. [Relates to his Map of the world on a globular projection, exhibiting particularly the nautical researches of Capn. James Cook, with all the recent discoveries to the present time: London, 1794. Discusses al-Biruni (or Nicolosi) Globular projection.] 99.___1825, Geometrical projection of maps: London. 100. Artamonov, G.V., 1938, O vybore proyektsiy dlya shkolykh geograficheskikh kart: Geodezist, no. 11. [Russian. On selecting projections for school geography maps.] 101. Ask, R.E., 1937, The construction of map projections by modern methods: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 3, no. 4, p. 7-12. 102. Asmus, J., 1879, Darstellung eines grössten Kreises in Mercator-Projektion: Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, v. 7, p. 151-154. 103. Asplund, Lars, 1966, De geodetiska riksnäten: RAK-information, Meddelande B 9/1966, p. 1-9. [Swedish. The geodetic graticule in Sweden.] 104. Auernheimer, Arthur, 1979, Gitternetz und Planquadrat. Eine Einführung. 3. Jahrgangsstufe, Sachunterricht, Erdkunde: Ehrenwirth Grundschulmagazin, v. 6, no. 7, p. 9-12. 105. August, F., 1874, Ueber eine conforme Abbildung der Erde nach der epicycloidischen Projection: Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, Zeitschrift, v. 9, p. 1-22. [His conformal projection of world bounded by two-cusped epicycloid.] 106. Averdunk, H., and Müller-Reinhard, J., 1914, Gerhard Mercator und die Geographen unter seinen Nachkommen: Petermanns Mitteilungen, Ergänzungsheft no. 182, 188 p. [Mercator projection and 1569 world map discussed, p. 65-75.] 106a. Avetyan, G.Kh., 1970, Nekotorye voprosy obshchey teorii ekvivalentnykh proyektsiy: Novosibirsk Tekhn. Konferentsiya. Novosibirsk otd. Vses. Astronomo-Geodezich. o-va NIIGAiK. Tezisy Doklady, p. 63. [Russian. Some problems of the general theory of equivalent projections.] 107. Ayala Torales, Julio, 1946, Mapas isogónicos polares: Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman Serie de Geografia Matemática y Fisica no. 2, 21 p. [Polar isogonic maps.] 108. Baar, E.J., 1947, The manipulation of projections for world maps: Geographical Review, v. 37, no. 1, p. 112-120. 109. Babinet, Jacques, 1859, Géographie nouvelle: mappemondes et cartes, système homalographique: Paris, Ernest Bourdin, 16 p. [Independent derivation of Mollweide projection.] 110.___[1861], Planisphère Babinet, physique et politique. Projection homalographique de M. Babinet, in Atlas Universel de Géographie: Paris, E. Bourdin. [Same as Mollweide projection.] 111. Bachan, G.S., 1973, Standard azimuthal projection: Cartography, v. 8, no. 1, p. 40. [New pseudoazimuthal projection.] 112. Bachmann, W.K., 1939, Projections conformes à double axe neutre: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 37, p. 89ff. 113.___1939, Le théorème de Tissot et les lignes de déformation: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 37, p. 253ff. 114.___1952, Etude des projections conformes d'une surface quelconque sur un plan: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen, Sonderveröffentlichung No. 14, p. 15-32. 115. Bacon, C.J., 1979, Choosing the projection for an atlas mapping of physical oceanographic data: Hydrographic Journal, v. 16, p. 21-28. [Abstract only in program, 4th National Oceanographic Symposium, Johannesburg and Capetown, South Africa, July 1979.] 116. Bacon, G.W., 1913, Map, chart, and geographical diagram: U.S. Patent 1,050,596, dated Jan. 14. [Mercator projection modified in polar regions to have finite points for poles.] 117. Bacon, Roger, ca. 1265-68, The opus majus, 2 v.: Translated by R.B. Burke, 1928: Philadelphia, Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. Reprinted New York, Russell and Russell, 1962. [Originally Latin. Includes his globular map projection.] 118. Baer, Ledolph, 1965, Pacific ocean wave forecasting: Lockheed Report No. LR 19354, 36 p. 119. Baer, Ledolph, et al., 1966, The icosahedral gnomonic grid of the world ocean for wave studies: Lockheed Report No. LR 20457. 120. Baeschlin, C.F., 1911, Die neue Projektionsmethode der schweizerischen Landesvermessung: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 9, p. 165ff. [Also in French as Le nouveau système de projection de la mensuration cadastrale suisse (same issue), p. 194ff.] 121.___1918, Einige Entwicklungen zur Bonne'schen Kartenprojektion: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 16, p. 193ff. [Some developments with respect to Bonne's map projection.] 122.___1935, Untersuchung über das Verhältnis endlicher Flächen bei der winkeltreuen, schiefachsigen Zylinderprojektion: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 33, p. 109ff. 123. Baetsle, P.L., 1970, Optimalisation d'une représentation cartographique: Société Belge de Photogrammetrie, Bulletin trimestriel, p. 11-26. 124.___1979, Nouvelles formules pour les représentations cylindriques conformes transverses de l'ellipsoïde: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 38, no. 4, p. 565-574. [Transformation using an intermediate gaussian-curvature sphere for each point.] 125. Bagrow, Leo, 1945, The origin of Ptolemy's Geographia: Geografiska Annaler, v. 27, no. 3-4, p. 318-387. [See Supplementary notices: Imago Mundi, 1947, v. 4, p. 71-72.] 126. Bahn, Catherine, 1957, World aeronautical charts: Special Libraries Assn., Geography and Map Div., Bulletin, no. 29, p. 15-18. [Projection information.] 127. Bailey, H.P., 1956, A grid formed of meridians and parallels for the comparison and measurement of area: Geographical Review, v. 46, no. 2, p. 239-245. [Parallels are spaced along meridians for equal intervals of area rather than equal degree intervals, regardless of projection.] 128.___1956, Two grid systems that divide the entire surface of the earth into quadrilaterals of equal area: Amer. Geophysical Union, Transactions, v. 37, no. 5, p. 628-635. 129. Baily, Walter, 1886, A map of the world on Flamsteed's projection: London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, series 5, v. 21, no. 132, p. 415-416. [Same as Sinusoidal projection.] 130. Bain, Iain, 1984, Will Arno Peters take over the world?: Geographical Magazine, v. 56, no. 7, p. 342-343. [Peters projection. See also editorial, p. 337.] 131. Baker, Andrew, 1986, Computers bring map projections back to life: Geography, v. 71, pt. 4, p. 333-338. [Comments on Peters projection.] 132. Baker, J.G.P., 1986, The "Dinomic" world map projection: Cartographic Journal, v. 23, no. 1, p. 66-67. [Mercator projection 45° N. to 45° S.; interrupted modified Mercator poleward with pointed poles.] 133. Bakker, Ribeiro de, 1963, Representaçao dos circulos menores na carta de Mercator: Anais Hidrográficos, v. 21, p. 105-114. [Portuguese. Representation of small circles on Mercator charts.] 134. Balcerzak, Jerzy, and Panasiuk, Jan, 1983, Obliczanie wspólrzednych prostokatnych plaskich Gaussa-Krügera w szerokiej strefie poludnikowej powierzchni elipsoidy: Geodezja i Kartografia, v. 32, no. 4, p. 311-326. [Polish with English abstract. Calculation of Gauss-Krüger planar rectangular coordinates in a wide meridional zone of the ellipsoid surface.] 135. Balch, S.W., 1926, Map: U.S. Patent 1,610,413, dated Dec. 14. [Oblique Mercator and Gnomonic projections of ellipsoid projected onto special conformal sphere.] 136. Balchin, W.G.V., 1947, Air maps: Empire Survey Review, v. 9, no. 66, p. 138-147. 137.___1947, Air transport and geography: London, Royal Geographical Society, 23 p. [Includes map projections.] 138.___1954, The choice of map projections: Empire Survey Review, v. 12, no. 92, p. 263-276. 139.___1957, Map projections in history: Impulse, v. 2, p. 9-13. 140. Baldacci, Osvaldo, 1939, Metodo pratico di esercizi cartografici per il biennio di geografia del corso superiore dei R.R. Instituti nautici: Padova, CEDAM, Casa editrice dott. A. Milani, 55 p. 141.___1951, Nota introduttiva alla lettura delle carte topografiche con costruzione Gauss-Boaga e con quadrettatura chilometrica: Società Geografica Italiana, Bollettino, series 8, v. 4, no. 1-2, p. 16-25. [Gauss-Boaga is slight variation of Gauss-Krüger Transverse Mercator projection.] 142. Balea, V., 1960, Consideratii privind aplicarea sistemului de projectie Gause la intocmirea si editarea hartii moderne a tarii: Revista de Geodezie si Organizarea Teritoriului, v. 4, no. 1, p. 32-42. [Romanian with French abstract. Reflections on the use of the Gauss projection systems for the issuing of modern landmaps.] 143. Balgarska Akademiya Nauk, 1960-61, Tablica za izchislenie sas smetachna mashina na geografski koordinati, meridianna konvergenciya i mashchab ot Gausovi koordinati varchu elipsoida na F.N. Krasovski za vsichki shirochini: Sofia, 136 p. [Bulgarian. Tables for intermediate calculation with calculating machine from geographic coordinates, meridian convergence and scale to Gaussian coordinates on the ellipsoid of F.N. Krasovskiy for all parallels of latitude.] 144. Balinska, Krystyna, 1949, Uproszczone siatki kartograficzne dla Eurazji, Europy i ZSRR: Geografia w Szkole, v. 2, no. 1, p. 31-40. [Polish. Simplified cartographic grid for Eurasia, Europe, and the Soviet Union.] 145. Balodis, Janis, 1936, Kartografija (Kartografisko projekciju teorija): Riga. [Latvian.] 146. Balser, Ludwig, 1928, Einfuhrung in die Kartenlehre (Kartennetze): Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 59 p. [2nd ed., 1951, 64 p.] 147. Balthasart, M., 1935, L'emploi de la projection cylindrique équivalente dans l'enseignement de la géographie: Société Belge d'Études Géographiques, Bulletin, v. 5, no. 2, p. 269-272. 148. Bamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen, 1962, Die Österreichischen Meridianstreifen (Gauss-Krüger-Projektion)...: Vienna, 4th ed., Dienstvorschrift no. 8, 55 p. 149. Banerjee, Bireswar, and Betal, H.R., 1965, Perspective on the nature of map projection: Geographical Review of India, v. 27, no. 2, p. 72-84. 150. Baptist, A.D., 1964, A little book on map projections: Kandy, Ceylon, Gunasena, 49 p. 151. Baranyi, János, 1968, A világvetületek és az alakhüség: Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 20, no. 4, p. 282-290. [Hungarian with German abstract. World projections and conformity.] 152.___1968, The problems of the representation of the globe on a plane with special reference to the preservation of the forms of continents: Budapest, Földmérési Intézet, Hungarian Cartographical Studies, p. 19-43. [New pseudocylindrical projections, with seven examples.] 153.___1970, Projection problems in school atlases: Budapest, Földmérési Intézet, Hungarian Cartographical Studies 1970, p. 5-19. 154.___1985, Szemléltetö földvetületek szerkesztése: Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 37, no. 5, p. 340-346. [Hungarian with English abstract. Construction of illustrative map projections.] 155.___1987, Konstruktion anschaulicher Erdabbildungen: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 37, no. 1, p. 11-17. 155a.___1990, Uj alakhü vetületek a magyar atlaszokban: Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 42, no. 6, p. 438-445. [Hungarian with English abstract. New form-true projections in Hungarian atlases.] 156. Baranyi, János and Földi, Ervin, 1976, Megjegyzések egy új térképvetülethez: Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 28, no. 5, p. 383-386. [Hungarian. Compares Robinson projection with Baranyi's projections. In English as Remarks on a new projection: Budapest, Földmérési Intézet, Hungarian Cartographical Studies 1976, p. 7-13.] 156a. Baranyi, János, and Györffy, János, 1989, New form-true projections in Hungarian atlases: Hungarian Cartographical Studies, prepared for 14th International Cartographic Conference, Budapest, p. 75-85. [Baranyi pseudocylindrical projections.] 157. Baranyi, János, and Karsay, Ferenc, 1971, Alakhübb világtérkép-vetületek: Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 23, no. 2, p. 108-114. [Hungarian with German abstract. World map projections of greater conformity.] 158.___1972, World map projections with better shape-keeping properties: Budapest, Földmérési Intézet, Hungarian Cartographical Studies 1972. 159.___1976, Projections with a stressed center: Budapest, Földmérési Intézet, Hungarian Cartographical Studies 1976, p. 15-45. 160. Barbie du Bocage, J.D., and Lacroix, S.F., 1803, Notice historique et analytique sur la construction des cartes géographiques: France, Ministère de la guerre, Memorial topographique et militaire, Paris, v. 1, p. 11-49. [Also in Journal des Sciences Militaires, 1825, v. 1, p. 62-85.] 161. Barbier, J.V., 1878, Atlas uniprojectionnel. Développement de la surface terrestre par zones coniques égales: Nancy, Berger-Lavrault & cie., 12 p. [Also see Société de Géographie, Bulletin, 1878, series 6, v. 16, Aug., p. 169-176.] 162.___1883, De l'emploi de la projection conique dans un atlas systématique uniprojectionnel: Société de Géographie de l'Est, Bulletin, v. 5, p. 396-406, 661-667. 163. Barker, N., 1982, Ancient mariner's projection: Times Literary Supplement, no. 4179, p. 471-472. [Portolan charts.] 164. Barnes, J.A., 1952, Simple method of constructing the oblique Stereographic projection: Surveying and Mapping, v. 12, no. 1, p. 30-31. 165. Bartel, Jürgen, 1965, Zur Gliederung und Benunnung von Kartennetzentwürfen: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 15, no. 6, p. 212-217. 166. Barton, B.A., 1976, A note on the transformation of spherical coordinates: Amer. Cartographer, v. 3, no. 2, p. 161-168. [See also comments by Arthur, D.W.G., 1978, Orthogonal transformations: v. 5, no. 1, p. 72-74.] 167. Bartsch, Eckhard, 1983, Umbezifferung von Kartennetzen: Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen, v. 108, no. 11, p. 471-478. [German with English abstract.] 168. Baschin, Otto, 1912, Teifenkarten der Ozeane in flächentreuer Projektion: Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, v. 40, no. 10, p. 537-541. [Ocean depth maps.] 169. Bastien, J.B., 1887, Cours de projections et de perspective: Mons, H. Manceaux, 12 p. 170. Bathe, Joseph, 1915, Zur Geschichte der Tafeln der Meridionalteile: Göttingen and Berlin, Dissertation, 43 p. [History of tables of meridian parts. Also in Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, 1915, v. 43, no. 10, p. 425-440; no. 11, p. 482-488; no. 12, p. 537-548.] 171. Batson, R.M., 1973, Cartographic products from the Mariner 9 mission: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 78, no. 20, p. 4424-4435. [Projections used for Mars.] 172. Bauer, Hubert, 1942, Globes, maps and skyways: New York, Macmillan, 75 p. 173. Bause, Ewald, 1923, Kartenprojektion, in his Lexikon der Geographie, 2 v.: Brunswick and Hamburg, v. 1, p. 708-710. 173a. Bayeva, Ye.Yu., 1987, [Russian title not available]: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 3, p. 109-112. [Russian. Translated to English as A criterion for evaluating the quality of cartographic projections used for world maps: Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing, 1988, v. 25, no. 1, p. 28-31.] 173b.___1987, Issledovaniye polikonicheskikh proyektsiy s polyarnymi liniyami dlya kart mira. Variant proyektsii: Moscow, MIIGAiK. [Russian. Research on polyconic projections with polar lines for world maps. A projection variant.] 174. Beck, Willi, 1957, Geländeformen, Reproduktion, topographische Karten und Karten-Abbildungen: Stuttgart, J.B. Metzlersche, 504 p. 175. Beckenbach, E.F., 1952, Construction and applications of conformal maps: National Bureau of Standards, Institute of Numerical Analysis, Symposium, June 22-25, 1949, Los Angeles, Univ. of California (at) Los Angeles, Proceedings. 176. Bégat, Pierre, 1839, Traité de géodésie à l'usage des marine; ou méthodes et formules trigonométriques relatives au levé et à la construction des cartes hydrographiques: Paris, Imprimerie royale, 288 p. 177. Beguyer de Chancourtois, A.-E., 1874, Programme d'un système de géographie fondé sur l'usage des mesures décimales, d'un méridien 0g international, et des projections stéréographique et gnomonique: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 6, v. 8, Sept., p. 240-258. 178.___1874, Carte du globe en projection gnomique avec le réseau pentagonal superposé: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 6, v. 7, p. 291-297. [Dodecahedral globe.] 179.___1884, Programme raisonné d'un système de géographie fondé sur l'usage des mesures décimales, d'un méridien 0. grade international et des projections stéréographiques et gnomoniques...: Paris, Gauthier Villars, 70p. 180. Behrmann, Walter, 1909, Zur Kritik der flächentreuen Projektionen der ganzen Erde und einer Halbkugel: Sitzungberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Matematisch-physikalische Klasse, v. 13, 48 p. [Equal-area projections for whole world and hemisphere.] 181.___1910, Die beste bekannte flächentreue Projektion der ganzen Erde: Petermanns Mitteilungen, v. 56-2, no. 3, p. 141-144. [His Cylindrical Equal-Area projection with standard parallels at 30° N. and S.] 182.___1919, Eine neue Projektion mit geradlinigen grössten Kugelkreisen: Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, Zeitschrift, no. 1/2, p. 86-87. [Two-Point Azimuthal projection. Includes comments on Immler (1919) and Thorade (1919).] 183. Beinecke, Hans-Dieter, 1983, Automationsgerechte Koordinaten-Transformation für kleinmassstäbige Kartennetzabbildungen mit Hilfe der Tensorrechnung: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 33, no. 2, p. 55-63. 183a.___1991, Untersuchung zur Robinson-Abbildung und Vorschlag ein analytischen Abbildungsvorschrift: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 41, no. 3, p. 85-94. 184. Belgium, Ministère des colonies, Cartographie et cadastre, 1950, Kadastrale conforme projectie van "Gauss." Ellipsoïde van "Clarke" 1880: Brussels, 38 p. [Dutch. Gauss Conformal or Transverse Mercator projection for Clarke 1880 ellipsoid.] 184a. Ben Ammar, Salah Hamed a.o., 1990, K voprosu o vybore kartograficheskoy proyektsii dlya sozdaniya sistemy topograficheskikh kart Respubliki Tunis: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 3, p. 136-142. [Russian. Choice of map projections for the production of topographic maps of Tunisia.] 185. Bencini, P., 1968, Sul calcolo di trasformazione delle coordinate dal sistema geocentrico al sistema geografico: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 27, no. 3, p. 357-367. [Italian with English abstract. About the computation of transformation of coordinates from the geocentric system into the geographic system.] 186. Bencker, H., 1951, Generalization of Mercator projection: International Hydrographic Review, v. 28, no. 1, p. 95-96. 187. Bensch, E., 1881, Die stereographische Projektion: Leipzig, Teubner. 188. Bentzen, B.E., 1919, Norges Geografiske Opmålings landkarter ogderes bruk: Christiania (Oslo), Utgit av Norges Geografiske Opmåling. [Norwegian.] 189. Benzing, A.G., 1975, Die Peters-Karte im Geographieunterricht: Erdkundelehrer, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-2. 190.___1976, Die Peters-Karte exemplarisch für Erdkarten in kartographischen Übungen: Freiburger Geographische Mitteilungen, no. 1-2, p. 125-131. 191.___1979-80, Gradfeldtabellen, Gradabteilungen, Meridian- und Parallel-kreisbögen, Krümmungsradien aus dem Kleinrechner: Geographisches Taschenbuch, p. 93-99. 191a. Benzing, A.G., and Kimmig, Martin, 1987, Das Kartengitter der topographischen Karten Frankreichs -- Formelsammlung zur Koordinaten-Transformation: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 37, no. 6, p. 229-231. 192. Beresford, P.C., 1953, Map projections used in polar regions: Institute of Navigation, Journal, v. 6, no. 1, p. 29-37. 193. Berghaus, Hermann, 1858, Über H. James' und J. Babinet's Entwurfsarten für Planigloben: Mittheilungen...von Petermann, v. 4, no. 2, p. 63-69. 194. Berkeley, L.M., 1925, Great circle sailing: New York, White Book Supply, 73 p. 195. Berls, N.J., 1987, A program for Transverse Mercator projections: Geobyte, v. 2, no. 1, p. 18-21. 196.___1987, A program for Lambert Conformal Conic projections: Geobyte, v. 2, no. 2, p. 26-29. 197.___1987, A program for American Polyconic projections: Geobyte, v. 2, no. 3, p. 15-17. 198. Bernasconi, Carlo, 1953, Proiezioni cartografiche di carattere speciale: Geofisica Pura e Applicata, v. 24, p. 5-10. 199. Berndt, H., and Oszvald, E., 1982, Rechnergestützte Bearbeitung kartographischer Netzentwürfe, dargestellt am Beispiel von Azimutalprojektionen: Wiss. Kolloq.: 25 Jahre Hochschulausbildung, Fachrichtung Kartographie, Dresden, 45 p. 200. Berry, R.M., 1972, Plane coordinate survey system for the Great Lakes: Amer. Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Columbus, Ohio, Technical Sessions, ACSM-ASP Fall Convention, Proceedings, p. 163-176. 201. Berry, R.M. and Bormanis, Valdis, 1970, Plane coordinate survey system for the Great Lakes based on the Hotine Orthomorphic projection: U.S. Lake Survey Misc. Paper 70-4, 16 p. 202. Bertacchi, Cosmo, 1905, Quale forma ed estensione si daliba dare al l'insigna manlo delle proiezioni geografiche nelle scuole medie e nelle facoltà di lettere: Congresso Geografico Italiane, v. 2, p. 417-422. 203. Berthon, ..., 1902, Une représentation du globe terrestre sur une projection étoilée à quatre branches: Bulletin Géographique Hist. et Descriptive, p. 282-284. 204. Bertin, Jacques, 1967, L'identification en situation les projections, in his Semiologie Graphique: Paris, Mouton, Gauthier-Villars, p. 287-295. [Book translated as Semiology of graphics, diagrams, networks, maps: Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1984, 415 p.] 205. Bertschmann, S., 1935, Einfluss der Projektionsverzerrungen und der Höhenlage auf das Flächenmass: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik: v. 33, p. 2ff. 206. Bhattacharji, J.C., 1964, A rapid machine computation method of conversion between Lambert grid and spherical coordinates: International Hydrographic Review, v. 41, no. 2, p. 53-62. 207. Bibliographia Cartographica, 1974-: Munich, K.G. Saur, v. 1-. [Section VB of each volume lists papers on map projections, chiefly for the previous year.] 208. Bibliotheca Cartographica, 1957-1972: Bonn-Bad Godesberg, v. 1-30. [Section VB of each volume lists papers on map projections, chiefly for the previous year.] 209. Bieberbach, Ludwig, 1956, Einfuhrung in die konforme Abbildung: Berlin, W. de Gruyter. [Earlier (4th) ed. translated by F. Steinhardt as Conformal mapping: New York, Chelsea Pub. Co., 1953, 234 p.] 210. Bieck, W., 1955, Ein Lehrmittel für den Unterricht in der Kartenprojektion: Zeitschrift für den Erdkunde - Unterricht, v. 7, p. 187. 211. Biernacki, Franciszek, 1949, Teoria odwzorowan powierzchni dla geodetów i kartografów: Warsaw, Glówny Urzqd Pomiarów Kraju, Prace Geodezyjnego Instytuto Naukowo-Badawczego, no. 4. [Polish. Translated into English as Theory of representation of surfaces for surveyors and cartographers: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1965.] 212.___1973, Podstawy teorii odwzorowan kartograficznych: Warsaw, 195 p. [Polish. Foundations of cartographic projection theory.] 213.___1975, Odwzorowania izoperymetryczne: Geodezja i Kartografia, v. 24, no. 1, p. 57-61. [Polish with English abstract. Isoperimetric projections.] 214. Biernacki, Franciszek, and Panasiuk, Jan, 1957, Projections obliques en cartographie: Presented to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, General Assembly, Toronto, Sept. 3-14. 215.___1957, Odwzorowania ukosne w kartografii: Geodezja i Kartografia, v. 6, no. 3, p. 151-160. [Polish with French abstract. Oblique projections in cartography.] 216.___1957, Projections obliques en cartographie: Warsaw, Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Comité de Géodésie, 11 p. 217.___1958, Siatki kartograficzne ukosne: Geodezja i Kartografia, v. 7, no. 3, p. 149-161. [Polish with French abstract. Oblique projections.] 218. Biernacki, Franciszek, and Slomcznyski, Jósef, 1932, Odwzorowanie quasi-stereograficzne Wojskowego Instytutu Geograficznego: Warsaw, Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny, 35 p. + 139 tables. [Polish. Quasistereographic projections of the Military Institute of Geography. Translated into French as Projection quasi-stereographique de l'Institut Géographique Militaire de Pologne: International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Geodesy Assn., 5th General Assembly, Lisbon, Sept. 17-25, 1933, Travaux, Rapports généraux, v. 12.] 219. Biernacki, Mieczyslaw, 1955, Geometria rózniczkowa: Warsaw, Pánstwowe Wydawn, 2nd ed. [Polish.] 220. Biesheuvel, H., 1955, Maps and land use; an inaugural address delivered at Durban on Apr. 21, 1955: Natal, Univ. Press. 220a. Bil, W.L., 1992, Sectie en projectie: Geodesia, v. 34, no. 10, p. 405-411. [Dutch with English abstract.] 220b. Bilger, Burkhard, 1989, Plastic continents, rubber seas: Earthwatch, March, p. 12-13. 220c. Bilibina, N.A., 1990, O poluchenii vidoizmenennykh variantov ravnougol'noy proyektsii V.V. Kavrayskogo: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 2, p. 157-160. [Russian. The development of different variations of conformal projections by V.V. Kavrayskiy.] 222. Birardi, Giuseppe, 1950, Rappresentazione di Gauss-Boaga e reticolate chilome-trico nella nuova cartografia italiana: Universo, v. 30, no. 5, p. 668-692. [Gauss-Boaga is slight variation on Gauss-Krüger Transverse Mercator projection.] 223. Birch, T.W., 1949, Maps, topographical and statistical: Oxford Univ. Press, 240 p. [2nd ed., 1964.] 224. Birdseye, C.H., compiler, 1929, Formulas and tables for the construction of polyconic projections: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 809, 126 p. 225. Birkin, F.J., 1956, Note on the Lambert and polar Stereographic projections: Empire Survey Review, v. 13, no. 102, p. 386-387. 225a. Biro, Zoltan, 1988, Vetületek elöfordulási gyakorisága az atlaszkartográfiában, Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 40, no. 2, p. 133-134. [Hungarian. Frequency of map projections used in atlas cartography.] 226. Bjerknes, V., 1920, Sur les projections et les échelles à choisir pour les cartes géophysiques: Geografiska Annaler, v. 2, p. 1-12. 227. Blaha, Georges, 1974, Méthode de calcul des superficies: application pour l'île Anticosti: Quebec, Ministère Des Terres et Forêts, Direction Générale, 69 p. 227a. Blajda, Maria, 1986, O moszliwosci zastosowania odwzorowania Lamberta do opracowania map gospodarczych na obszarze Polski: Przeglad Geologiczny, v. 58, no. 11-12, p. 22-24. [Polish. About the use of the Lambert projection in the preparation of economic maps of Poland.] 228. Bludau, Alois, 1890, Die flächentreue Azimutprojektion von Lambert und ihre Verwendung bei Karten von Asien und Europa: Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, Zeitschrift, v. 25, no. 4, p. 263-276. [Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection.] 229.___1891, Die flächentreue transversale Kegel-Projektion für die Karte von Afrika: Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, Zeitschrift, v. 26, no. 2, p. 145-158. [Transverse Equal-Area Conic projection.] 230.___1892, Die flächentreue Azimut-Projektion Lamberts für die Karte von Afrika: Petermanns Mitteilungen, v. 38, no. 9, p. 214-218. [Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection.] 231.___1892, Flächentreue Gradnetz-Projektionen für die Karten von Süd- und Nord-Amerika und Australien: Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, Zeitschrift, v. 27, no. 3, p. 221-247. [Equal-area projections.] 232.___1895, Zur Abbildung der Halbkugeln: Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, Zeitschrift, v. 30, no. 5, p. 406-416. [Projections of a hemisphere.] 233.___1895, Über die Wahl der Projektionen für die Länderkarten der Hand- und Schulatlanten: Geographische Zeitschrift, v. 1, no. 9, p. 497-516. 234.___1896, Über die Projektionen der Erdkarten: Geographische Zeitschrift, v. 2, no. 9, p. 495-511. 235.___1901, Was gehört aus der Projektionslehre auf die Schule?: Deutschen Geographentag, Verhandlungen, v. 13, p. 124-130. 236.___1913, Die Kartenprojectionen in elementarer Behandlung: Düsseldorf, L. Schwann, 72 p. 236a. Boaga, Giovanni, 1948, Trattato di Geodesia e Topografia, con Elementi di Fotogrammetria Padova, CEDAM (Casa Editrice Dott. A. Milani), 2 v., 1202 p. [Describes Gauss-Boaga projection in v. 1, p. 556-568.] 237.___1947, Sulle carte geografiche: Universo, v. 27, no. 5, p. 569-612. 238.___1959, Costruzioni geometrico-analitiche delle carte geografiche e loro classificazioni: Rivista del Catasto e dei Servizi Tecnici Erariali, new series, v. 14, no. 2, p. 89-101. 239. Bocchio, F., 1969, Sui campi di curve superficiali a transformata geodetica nelle rappresentazioni cartografiche di tipo generale: Trieste, Ist. Geod. Geofis. 93, 5 p. 240. Bodemüller, Hellmut, 1934, Über die konforme Abbildung der Erdoberfläche mit günstigster Richtungs- und Längenreduktion für die Zwecke einer Landesvermessung: Allgemeine Vermessungs-Nachrichten, v. 46, no. 28, p. 550-566; no. 29, p. 569-578; no. 30, p. 585-593; no. 31, p. 601-607. [Also as Dissertation, 1934, Karlsruhe.] 241.___1944, Ellipsoidische Abbildungen von Rotations-Ellipsoiden mit Hilfe von Differentialformeln: Chefs des Kriegs-Karten- und Vermessungswesens, Mitteilungen, June, p. 291-339. 242. Bogdanov, J.A., 1957, Uproshchennyi priyem vychisleniya stadimetricheskoy setki na merkatorskoy karte: Leningradskoye Vysshiye Inzhenerskoye Morskoye Uchilishche, Uchenye Zapiski, no. 6, p. 95-102. [Russian. Approximate method of calculating stadimetric grids on Mercator charts.] 243. Boggs, S.W., 1929, A new equal-area projection for world maps: Geographical Journal, v. 73, no. 3, p. 241-245. [His Eumorphic projection, a pseudocylindrical combination of the Sinusoidal and Mollweide projections.] 244.___1945, "This hemisphere": Journal of Geography, v. 44, no. 9, p. 345-355. [Also issued as U.S. Dept. of State Bulletin, 1945, v. 12, no. 306, p. 845-850. Also separate reprint, 13 p.] 245. Boggs, S.W., and Lewis, D.C., 1945, Map projections: in The classification and cataloging of maps and atlases: New York, Special Libraries Assn., p. 81-91. [Library classification of map projections.] 246. Boginskiy, V.M., 1967, Matematicheskiye sposoby polucheniya novykh kartograficheskikh proyektsiy melkomasshtabnykh kart s ispol'zovaniyem EVM: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, p. 45-50. [Russian. Same title in Geodeziya i Kartografiya, 1967, no. 7, p. 64-68, except "sposoby" (methods) is "osnovy" (principles). First paper is translated to English as Mathematical methods of deriving new cartographic projections of small-scale maps using an electronic computer: Geodesy and Aerophotography, 1967, no. 4, p. 227-229.] 247.___1967, Automatized method for developing the cartographic projections of the small-scale maps: International Cartographic Assn., 3rd technical conference, Amsterdam, paper, 10 p. 248.___1968, Izyskaniye proyektsiy kart Sovetskogo Soyuza dlya nachal'noy shkoly s ispol'zovaniem EVM: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 5, p. 53-58. [Russian. A survey of the projections for maps of the Soviet Union for the elementary school using electronic calculating machines.] 249.___1969, Sposob izyskaniya proizvol'nykh proyektsiy melkomasshtabnykh kart: Moscow, Nedra. [Russian. A method for developing arbitrary projections of small-scale charts.] 250.___1971, Approksimiruyushchie funktsii dvukh peremennykh v matematicheskoy kartografii: TsNIIGAiK, Trudy, no. 189. [Russian. Approximation functions of two variables in mathematical cartography.] 250a.___1972, Sposob izykaniye proizvol'nykh proyektsiy melkomasshtabnykh: Moscow, Nedra. [Russian. A method of creating arbitrary projections for small-scale maps.] 251.___1985, Proyektsii dlya sozdaniya originalov plastmassovykh globusov: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 11, p. 52-55. [Russian. Projections for making plastic globe prototypes.] 252. Boginskiy, V.M. and Ginzburg, G.A., 1971, Izyskaniye yedinoy proyektsii dlya kart dvukh materikov s ispol'zovaniyem EVM: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 7, p. 54-60. [Russian. The search for a unified projection for the maps of two continents (North and South America) using a computer.] 253. Bohnstedt, Hans, 1932, Zur Darstellung der Erdkugeloberfläche: Petermanns Mitteilungen, Ergänzungsheft no. 214, p. 19-24. 254. Bolliger, Jakob, 1964,Über Äquideformaten: Geographica Helvetica, v. 19, no. 1, p. 42-49. 255.___1965, Zur Flächenverzerrung der Kugelprojektion: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessung, Kulturtechnik und Photogrammetrie, v. 63, no. 10, p. 356-358. 256.___1967, Die Projektionen der schweizerischen Plan- und Kartenwerke: Winterthur, Switz., Druckerei Winterthur AG, 130 p. [Oblique Mercator of ellipsoid using double projection.] 257. Bolotov, A.P., 1855, Exposé de la projection de m. Gauss: St. Petersburg, Académie Impériale des Sciences Classe Physico-Mathématique, Bulletin, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-13. [Gauss Conformal Transverse Mercator projection. Also in St. Petersburg, Académie Imperiale des Sciences Mélanges Mathématiques et Astronomiques Rirés du Bulletin Physico-Mathematique, 1859, v. 2, p. 84-101.] 258. Bol'shaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, 1953, Kartograficheskiye proyektsii: Moscow, v. 20, p. 269-277. [Russian. Map projections. Also in 1973 ed., v. 11, p. 469-474.] 259. Bolt, Mladen, 1974, Transformacija koordinata izmedu susjednih koordina(n)tnih sistema Gauss-Krügerove projekcije: Geodetski List, v. 28, no. 1-3, p. 18-22. [Serbo-Croatian with English abstract. Coordinate transformation between adjacent coordinate systems of the Gauss-Krüger projection.] 260. Bolt, W.H., 1889, A point in great circle sailing [by gnomonic projection]: Nautical Magazine, v. 58, p. 104-105. [See also 1890, v. 59, p. 785-787.] 261. Bolton, R.M., 1968, Programming of cartographic projection transformations, in Computer-assisted cartography: Association for Computing Machinery, 7th Annual Technical Symposium, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., May 16, 1968, p. 39-56. 262. Boltz, H., 1942-1943, Formeln und Tafeln zur numerischen (nicht logarithmischen) Berechnung Gauss-Krüger'schen Koordinaten aus den geographischen Koordinaten: Potsdam, Geodätisches Institut, Veröffentlichung, new series, 1942, no. 110; 1943, no. 111. 263. Bomford, A.G., 1962, Transverse Mercator arc-to-chord and finite distance scale factor formulae: Empire Survey Review, v. 16, no. 125, p. 318-327. [See also comments by Vincenty, T., 1972 Survey Review, v. 21, no. 166, p. 386-387.] 264. Bonacker, Wilhelm, 1954, Gegen den Wirrwahr im Gebrauch kartographischer Begriffe und Konstanten: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 4, no. 3, p. 4-9. 265. Bonacker, Wilhelm, and Anliker, Ernst, 1930, Heinrich Christian Albers, der Urheber der flächentreuen Kegelrumpfprojektion: Petermanns Mitteilungen, v. 76, no. 9-10, p. 238-240. 266.___1932, Donnus Nicolaus Germanus, sein Kartennetz, seine Ptolemäus-Rezensionen und Ausgaben zur Erinnerung an die 450. Weiderkehr des Ausgabejahres 1482 der Ulmer Ausgabe: Schweizerisches Gutenbergmuseum Zeitschrift für Buchdruck, Bibliophile- und Pressegeschichte, v. 18, no. 1, p. 19-48. 267. Bonifacino, Bartolomeo, 1966, Sulle più generali corrispondenze conformi delle rappresentazioni cilindriche oblique e caso particolare della rappresentazione di Gauss: Rivista del Catasto e dei Servizi Tecnici Erariali, new series, v. 21, no. 3-4, p. 133-139. [On the most general conformal correspondencies of oblique cylindrical projections and the special case of the Gauss projection.] 268.___1966, Sull' impiego della rappresentazione di Gauss per il calcolo sul piano di reti ellissoidiche di notevoli dimensioni: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 25, no. 1, p. 57-73. 269. Bonnet, D., 1852, Sur la théorie mathématique des cartes géographiques: Journal de Mathématiques, v. 17, p. 301-340. 270. Boorman, J.M., 1877, Improvement in geometric blocks for mapping: U.S. Patent 185,889, dated Jan. 2. [Polyhedral map projection on solids with 15, 22, 23, 24, 32, and 37 faces.] 271. Borcic, Branko, 1955, Gauss-Krügerova projekcija; teorija i primena u driavnon premeru: Belgrade, Geografski Institut JNA, 201 p. [Serbo-Croatian. Gauss-Krüger projection.] 272.___1955, Matematicka kartografija: Zagreb, Tehnicka Knjiga, 407 p. [Serbo-Croatian.] 273.___1958, Tablice za transformaciju koordinata izmedu susjednih koordinatnih sistema kud Gauss-Krügerov projekcije: Belgrade, Izdanje Savezne geodetske uprave, 55 p. [Serbo-Croatian with English abstract. Tables for coordinate transformation involving the Gauss-Krüger projection.] 274.___1960, Transformacija koordinata izmedu susjednih koordinatnih sistema kod Gauss-Krügerove projekcije: Geodetski List, v. 14, no. 10-12, p. 261-277. [Serbo-Croatian. Coordinate transformation between two adjacent coordinate systems of the Gauss-Krüger projection.] 275.___1962, The mathematical base (map projection of the International Map of the World on the millionth scale): Zagreb [Agram], Yugoslavia, Institute of Cartography and Map Reproduction, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, University of Zagreb, 28 p. 276.___1969, Auswahl der günstigsten Projektion für die Weltkarte der Polargebiete im Massstab 1:1 000 000 und 1:2 500 000: Technische Universität Dresden, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, v. 18, no. 2, p. 597-600. 277. Bordyukov, M.P., 1967, Elektronnyi sposob transformirovaniya kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, p. 55-63. [Russian. Translated to English as Electronic method for transformation of cartographic projections: Geodesy and Aerophotography, 1967, no. 4, p. 232-235.] 278.___1968, K voprosu o tochnosti transformirovaniya kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, p. 119-124. [Russian. Translated to English as Accuracy in transforming cartographic projections: Geodesy and Aerophotography, 1968, no. 4, p. 266-268.] 279. Bormann, G.E., and Vozikis, E., 1982, Photographische Kartenumbildung mit dem Wild-AVIOPLAN OR1: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 32, no. 6, p. 201-206. [Essentially translated as Map projection transformation with digitally controlled differential rectifiers: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1983, v. 49, no. 9, p. 1317-1323.] 280. Borodin, A.V., 1968, Sposob transformirovaniya izobrazheniy: USSR patent K1. 42 e, 10/04 (GO1c), no. 215 525; approved May 26, 1966; published June 4, 1968. [Russian. Tools for transformation of representations.] 280a. Bortoluzzi, Giovanni, and Ligi, Marco, 1986, DIGMAP: a computer program for accurate acquisition by digitizer of geographical coordinates from conformal projections: Computers and Geosciences, v. 12, no. 2, p. 175-197. 281. Botley, F.V., 1949, A tetrahedral gnomonic projection: Geography, v. 34, pt. 3, p. 131-136. 282.___1951, A new approach to world distribution maps: Geographical Journal, v. 117, pt. 2, p. 215-217. [Proposes Oblique-Gore cylindrical or azimuthal equal-area projections.] 283.___1951, A new use for the Plate Carrée projection: Geographical Review, v. 41, no. 4, p. 640-644. [Oblique Equidistant Cylindrical projection.] 284.___1951, Air routes of the world: Today and tomorrow: New Commonwealth, v. 22, no. 3, p. 169-172. [Shows Oblique-Gore cylindrical equal-area projection.] 285.___1952, British and American world map projections from 1850-1950: Univ. of London, Master's thesis in Geography, 262 p. 286.___1953, World air routes 1953: Aeroplane, v. 85, p. 733-734. [Gnomonic projection onto octahedron, then developed.] 287.___1954, Contracted equal-area projections: Geographical Journal, v. 120, pt. 1, p. 116-118. [Suggests slightly compressing equal-area pseudocylindrical projections, interrupted or not, in east-west direction.] 288.___1954, An octahedral gnomonic projection: Empire Survey Review, v. 12, no. 94, p. 379-381. 289.___1956, A map of world air routes: Geographical Journal, v. 122, pt. 3, p. 397-399. [Gnomonic projection onto octahedron, then developed.] 290. Bourgeois, R. and Furtwängler, P., 1909, Kartographie: Enzyklopädie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, Leipzig, v. 6, pt. 1, p. 245-296. [Treatise on projections used by various governments.] 291. Bourgonnier, C., 1933, Note au sujet d'une projection et d'un diagramme pour l'étude et le tracé du segment capable sphérique: Annales Hydrographiques, series 3, v. 12, p. 63-72. 292.___1933, Note sur les représentations orthodromiques de la sphère: Annales Hydrographiques, series 3, v. 12, p. 73-82. 293. Bowditch, Nathaniel, 1802ff, The new American practical navigator. [Revised many times, currently pub. as American practical navigator: Washington, Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic Center, Pub. No. 9. Recent editions have considerable discussion on map projections, e.g. 1966, esp. p. 69-92; 1977, v. 1, esp. p. 64-89.] 294. Bowie, E.H., 1925, Daily world charts essential to progress in meteorology: Third Pacific Science Congress, Tokyo, Proceedings. 295. Bowie, William, and Adams, O.S., 1919, Grid system for progressive maps in the United States: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 59, 227 p. [Using Polyconic projection.] 296. Bowring, B.R., 1976, Transformation from spatial to geographical coordinates: Survey Review, v. 23, no. 181, p. 323-327. 297.___1986, The Lambert Conical Orthomorphic projection and computational stability: Bulletin Géodésique, v. 60, no. 4, p. 345-354. [Adaptation of formulas to permit use for Mercator and Polar Stereographic limits.] 297a.___1989, Transverse Mercator equations obtained from a spherical base: Survey Review, v. 30, no. 233, p. 125-133. [See also comments by Bragg, L.E., 1990, v. 30, no. 237, p. 357-359.] 297b.___1990, The Transverse Mercator projection -- a solution by complex numbers: Survey Review, v. 30, no. 237, p. 325-342. 297c.___1991, A projection of the world coastline: Survey Review, v. 31, no. 242, p. 226-232. [Spherical Transverse Mercator projection adapted with two central meridians.] 298. Bowyer, R. and German, G.A., 1959, A guide to map projection: London, John Murray, 43 p. 299. Boyce, G.K., 1948, A letter of Mercator concerning his Ptolemy: Bibliographical Society of America, Papers, v. 42, p. 129-139. 300. Bradley, A.D., 1938, Mathematics of map projections and navigation: New York, the author, 103 p. [Map projections, p. 10-38.] 301.___1939, Maps and map projection: Amer. Mathematical Monthly, v. 46, no. 10, p. 650-652. 302.___1941, Great-circle sailings: U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, v. 67, no. 456, p. 175-178. 303.___1945, Azimuthal equidistant projection of the sphere: Amer. Mathematical Monthly, v. 52, no. 3, p. 148-151. 304.___1946, Equal-area projection on the icosahedron: Geographical Review, v. 36, no. 1, p. 101-104. 305. Bragg, L.E., 1986, Developing the conventional Transverse Mercator projection calculation method: Amer. Congress on Surveying and Mapping-Amer. Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Annual Convention, Washington, Technical Papers, v. 1, p. 40-48. 306. Brandenberger, A.J., 1959, Heading compatibility study: Columbus, Ohio State University, Institute of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, Report no. 8, 20 p. [Polyhedral projections.] 307.___1959, Preliminary report about polyhedral projections: Columbus, Ohio State University, Mapping and Charting Research Laboratory, Technical Paper No. (816)-1-284, 46 p. 308. Brandenberger, C.G., 1985, Koordinaten transformation für digitale kartographische Daten mit Lagrange- und Spline-Interpolation: Institut für Kartographie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 189 p. [German with English abstract.] 309. Braun, Carl, 1867, Ueber zwei neue geographische Entwurfsarten: Wochenschrift für Astronomie, Meteorologie und Geographie, v. 10, no. 33, p. 259-263; no. 34, p. 269-272; no. 35, p. 276-278. [Presents stereographic perspective conic and two perspective cylindrical projections.] 310. Brazier, H.H., 1951, A skew orthomorphic projection with particular reference to Malaya: Conference of British Commonwealth Survey Officers, London, 1947, Report of Proceedings, p. 42-62. [Oblique Mercator projection of ellipsoid.] 311. Breckman, Jack, 1962, The theory and use of B-charts: Radio Corp. of America, manuscript, 18 p. [Breckman projection for plotting Earth-orbiting satellite groundtracks.] 312. Breton, R., 1983, Le canevas triangulaire: une représentation pratique du globe terrestre: Cahiers de Géographie du Québec, v. 27, no. 70, p. 99-103. [The triangular projection network: a practical representation of the globe.] 312a. Bretterbauer, Kurt, 1989, Die trimetrische Projektion von W. Chamberlin, Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 39, no. 2, p. 51-55. [English abstract.] 312b.___1990, Ein Algorithmus zur massenhaften Transformation österreichischer konformer koordinaten: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 40, no. 6, p. 229-231. 313. Breusing, Arthur, 1892, Das Verebnen der Kugeloberfläche für Gradnetzentwürfe: Leipzig, H. Wagner & E. Debes, 71 p. [Presents azimuthal projection with radii at geometric means of those for Stereographic and Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projections.] 314. Briesemeister, William, 1953, A new oblique equal-area projection: Geographical Review, v. 43, no. 2, p. 260-261. [His oblique aspect of Hammer projection, with axes 1.75 to 1 instead of 2 to 1.] 315.___1959, A world equal-area projection for the future. The selection of the most suitable equal-area projection for the purpose of plotting world wide statistics in this present day of super speed, jet planes and intercontinental missiles: Nachrichten aus dem Karten- und Vermessungswesen, series 2, no. 3, p. 60-63. [Published separately, 1958: Chicago, Rand McNally, 4 p. Translated to German as Eine flächentreue Weltkarten-Projektion für die Zukunft: Nachrichten aus dem Karten- und Vermessungswesen, 1958, series 1, no. 7, p. 72-74.] 316.___1959, A new equal area projection for the future: Second International Cartographic Conference, Chicago, 1958, Proceedings: Verlag des Instituts für Angewandte Geodäsie, p. 60-63. 316a. Brinker, D.M., 1990, Return of the Orthographic projection as the best choice for world maps: Amer. Congress on Surveying and Mapping, 1990, Annual Convention, v. 2, p. 60-67. 316b. Broekema, C., 1989, Notes on the history of map projections: Theatrum Orbis Librorum (Utrecht), p. 3-7. 317. Bromley, R.H., 1965, Mollweide modified: Professional Geographer, v. 17, no. 3, p. 24. [Mollweide vertically compressed to eliminate distortion at Equator.] 318. Brönnimann, F., 1904, Das neue Projektionssystem der schweizerischen Landestopographie: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik, v. 2, p. 60ff. 319. Brooks, W.D., 1986, An algorithm for selected arcs of longitude on projections of the world: Amer. Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing-Amer. Congress on Surveying and Mapping, 1986 Fall Convention, Anchorage, Alaska, ACSM Technical Papers, p. 288-297. 320. Brooks, W.D., and Roberts, C.E., Jr., 1976, An analysis of a modified van der Grinten equatorial arbitrary oval projection: Amer. Cartographer, v. 3, no. 2, p. 143-150. [Independent derivation of Van der Grinten III projection. See comment by Snyder, J.P., 1979, v. 6, no. 1, p. 81.] 321.___1986, A mathematical analysis and comparison of three circular world graticules: Cartographica, v. 23, no. 3, p. 28-41. [Van der Grinten I, Van der Grinten III (but called Brooks-Roberts Modified Van der Grinten), and incorrect version of Lagrange projection originated by Lambert. See comment by Snyder, J.P., 1987, v. 24, no. 3, p. 85.] 322. Brosche, Peter, 1983, Zur kartographischen Darstellung der Kontinentaldrift (Überlegungen für einen "Wegener-Atlas"): International Yearbook of Cartography, v. 23, p. 53-62. [German with English abstract. On the cartographic representation of continental drift.] 323. Brown, B.H., 1935, Conformal and equiareal world maps: Amer. Mathematical Monthly, v. 42, no. 4, p. 212-223. [Generates a series of equal-area projections using straight lines and conic sections for graticules.] 324. Bruins, G.J., 1968, College map projections: Delft, Laboratory for Geodesy. 325. Brun, Robert, 1931, L'art des portulans et des cartes marines: Revue de l'Art Ancien et Moderne, v. 59, no. 325, p. 183-192. [Shows 1555 star projection in Le Testu's atlas.] 326. Brunner, Kurt, 1981, Transformation des Karteninhalts durch Orthoprojektion: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 31, no. 5, p. 183-186. [Transformation of map contents by orthoprojection.] 327. Brunt, David, 1933, A form of projection suitable for a world weather map: Royal Meteorological Society, Quarterly Journal, v. 59, no. 252, p. 406-408. [Cahill's Butterfly projection.] 328. Bryan, G.S., 1940, Commercial oversea aviation routes: U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, v. 66, no. 452, p. 1427-1438. [Contains a series of gnomonic maps.] 329.___1942, Aeronautical charts: U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, v. 68, p. 349-356. 330.___1944, World maps: Scientific Monthly, October, p. 245-262. 331. Bu, Kong-shu, 1957, Di Tu Tou Ying Xue: Taiwan, College of Survey, 296 p. [Chinese. Map projections.] 332. Buchanan, R., 1890, Treatise on the projection of the sphere, with precepts and tables for facilitating the orthographic and stereographic projections of any portion of the Earth's surface: Washington, Gibson Bros. 333. Buchholz, Walter, 1980, Peters oder Winkel? Zur Wahl der Kartenabbildungen für die Hintergrundkarten im Fernsehen: [Graz], Akademische Verlagsanstalt, 8 leaves. 334. Buchwaldt, F., 1970, UTM projektioner: [Aarhus] Laboratoriet for Fysisk Geografi, Geografisk Institut, Aarhus Univ. [Danish. Universal Transverse Mercator projection.] 335.___1971, Kortprojektioner. Laerebog for topografelever: Copenhagen, Geodaetisk Institut, Topografisk Afdeling, 59 p. [Danish. Map projections.] 336.___1973, UTM-nettet. Universal Transverse Mercator Grid. Opbygning og anvendelse: Copenhagen, Geodaetisk Institut, 26 p. [Danish.] 337.___1976, Den danske kortprojektionsystem 1934: Copenhagen, Dansk Kartografisk Selskab, 16 p. [Danish. The Danish map projection system 1934.] 338. Buchwaldt, F.A., 1914, Danmarks "O/konomiske" Kortprojektion: Opmaalings-og Matrikulsvaesen, Tidsskrift, v. 7, p. 54-65. [Danish. An "economic" map projection of Denmark.] 339. Bugayevskiy, L.M., 1967, Vychisleniye ravnougol'nykh proyektsiy na elektronno-vychislitel'noy mashine: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 9, p. 65-71. [Russian. The calculation of conformal projections on a computer.] 340.___1971, Problemy izyskaniya i ispol'zovaniya ravnougol'nykh i blizkikh k nim proyektsiy dlya tseley kartografii i geodezii: Avtoreferat Loktorskoy Dissertatsii, Moscow, 49 p. [Russian. Also in MIIGAiK, Avtoref. na Soisk. Uchen. Stepeni d-ra Tekhn. Nauk, 1971.] 341.___1980, Vneshniye perspektivnye azimutal'nye kartograficheskiye proyektsii ellipsoida s positivnym izobrazheniyem: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 2, p. 85-92. [Russian. Translated to English as External perspective azimuthal cartographic projections of an ellipsoid with positive image (projections of cosmic photographs of the surfaces of heavenly bodies): Geodesy, Mapping and Photogrammetry, 1978, v. 20, no. 3, p. 169-174.] 342.___1980, Perspektivnye azimutal'nye kartograficheskie proyektsii ellipsoida: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 5, p. 76-81. [Russian. Perspective azimuthal cartographic projections of the ellipsoid.] 343.___1982, Kriterii otsenki pri vybore kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 3, p. 92-96. [Russian. Criteria for the selection of cartographic projections.] 343a.___1982, Proyektsiya Gaussa-Kryugera dlya shirokoy polosy: Issledovaniye po Geodeziye Aerofotos'emke i Kartografiye, p. 9-18. [Russian. The Gauss-Krüger projection for a wide belt.] 343b.___1986, Polykonicheskiye ravnovelikiye proyektsii ellipsoida: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, p. 103-106. [Russian. Polyconic equal-area projections of the ellipsoid.] 343c.___1986, Kartograficheskiye proyektsii ellipsoida, poluchayemye na osnove obobshcheniya metoda N.A. Urmayeva: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 5, p. 121-128. [Russian. Ellipsoidal cartographic projections made on the basis of generalizing N. A. Urmayev's method.] 343d.___1986, Proyektsiya P.L. Chebysheva dlya kartografirovaniya polyarnykh oblastey: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 6, p. 102-106. [Russian. A P.L. Chebyshev projection for mapping polar regions.] 343e.___1986, Polykonicheskiye ravbnovelikiye proyektsii ellipsoida: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, p. 103-106. [Russian. Polyconic equal-area projections of the ellipsoid.] 343f.___1986, Kartograficheskiye proyektsii ellipsoida, poluchayemye na osnove obobshcheniya metoda N.A. Urmayeva: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 5, p. 121-128. [Russian. Cartographic ellipsoid projections calculated with the method of N.A. Urmayev.] 343g.___1986, Proyektsiya P. L. Chebysheva dlya kartografirovaniya polyarnykh oblastei: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 6, p. 102-106. [Russian. The projection of P. L. Chebyshev for mapping of polar regions.] 343h.___1987, K voprosu o poluchenii izometricheskikh koordinat i ravnougol'noy tsilindricheskoy proyektsii trekhosnogo ellipsoida: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, pp. 79-90. [Russian. Questions about obtaining isometric coordinates and a conformal projection of the triaxial ellipsoid.] 343i.___1987, K voprosu o poluchenii proyektsiy Eulera: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 6, p. 105-110. [Russian. Questions about obtaining the projections of Euler.] 343j.___1989, Polikonicheskiye proyektsii ellipsoida vrashcheniya s ortogonal'noy kartograficheskoy setkoy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 3, p. 140-143. [Russian. Polyconic projections of the ellipsoid with orthogonal graticule.] 343k.___1990, Polucheniye nailushchikh ravnougol'nykh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 3, p. 126-131. [Russian. The best conformal projections.] 344. Bugayevskiy, L.M. and Bocharov, A.Ye., 1974, O primenenii asimmetrichnykh ravnougol'nykh proyektsiy dlya sozdaniya kart na obshirnye territorii: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 11, p. 61-65. [Russian. Translated to English as The use of asymmetrical conformal projections for compiling maps of extensive territories: Geodesy, Mapping and Photogrammetry, 1974, v. 16, no. 3, p. 177-179.] 345. Bugayevskiy, L.M., Deputatova, V.N., and Portnov, A.M., 1984, Primeneniye metodov zonal'nosti i ekonomizatsii vychisleniy v matematicheskoy kartografii: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 6, p. 103-107. [Russian. Application of zoning methods and economy of computations in mathematical cartography.] 345a. Bugayevskiy, L.M., and Ivanov, A.G., 1971, O nekotorykh osnovakh preobrazovaniya i izykaniya kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: TsNIIGAiK, Trudy, no. 189, p. 64-78. [Russian. On some basic transformations and finding cartographic projections.] 345b. Bugayevskiy, L.M., and Portnov, A.M., 1984, Teoriya odinochnykh kosmicheskikh snimkov: Moscow, Nedra. [Russian. The theory of single space photographs.] 346. Bugayevskiy, L.M., and Slobodyanik, I.V., 1985, Obobshchennaya ravnopromezhutochnaya vdol' meridianov konicheskaya proyektsiya N.A. Urmayeva: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 5, p. 69-72. [Russian. The generalized equidistant (along meridians) conic projection of N.A. Urmayev.] 346a. Bugayevskiy, L.M., and Vakhrameyeva, L.A., 1987, Osnovnye zadachi i napravlennya razvitiya teorii kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Moscow, Kartogr. v epokhu NTR: Teoriya, metody, prakt. Tezisy Doklady. Vses. Soveshch. po Kartogr., pp. 19-20. [Russian. On basic problems and directions for developing cartographic theory.] 346b.___1992, Kartograficheskiye Proyektsii - Spravochnoye Posobiye: Moscow, Nedra, 293 p. [Russian. Cartographic projections - A Reference Manual. Translated to English and revised as Map Projections - A Reference Manual, by Bugayevskiy and Snyder, J.P.: London, Taylor & Francis, in press, 1995.] 347. Bugayevskiy, L.M., Volkov, N.M., and Ginzburg, G.A., 1976, Voprosy izyskaniya nailuchshikh kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 4, p. 85-91. [Russian. Problems of developing optimal cartographic projections.] 347a. Bugayevskiy, Yu.L., 1986, Peremenno-masstabnye proyektsii dlya sozdaniya anamorfirovannykh tematicheskikh kart: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 5, p. 139-144. [Russian. Changing-scale projection in the production of anamorph-thematic maps.] 347b.___1987, Variavalentnye proyektsii dlya anamorfirovaniykh kart: Tr. konf. mol. uchenykh MIIGAiK, Moscow, Mar. 25-27, 1986, MIIGAiK, p. 20-26. [Russian. Varivalent projections for anamorphous maps.] 347c.___1987, Variavalentnaya proyektsiya tipa psevdotsilindricheskoy dlya anamorfirovannykh kart: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 1, p. 100-107. [Russian. A varivalent projection of the pseudocylindrical type for anamorphic mapmaking.] 347d.___1989, [Cartographic projections for anamorphic maps]: TsNIIGAiK, Trudy:36-39. [Russian.] 347e.___1990, Polucheniye nekotorykh novykh ravnovelikikh kartograficheskikh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 2, p. 141-149. [Russian. The development of some new equivalent projections.] 348. Bunge, W.W., 1966, Theoretical geography: Lund, Sweden, Royal University of Lund, Dept. of Geography, 2nd ed., 289 p. [Cartograms and other spatial studies, espec. p. 38-71.] 349. Bürger, Kurt, 1930, Bemerkungen zur Untersuchung zweier Eckertscher Kartenentwürfe durch R. Schumann: Petermanns Mitteilungen, v. 76, no. 9-10, p. 237-238. [Two Eckert projections.] 350. Burke, J.J., 1973, Stereographic projection of radar data in a netted radar system: U.S. Govt. Report AD-771-544/4, 59 p. 351. Burky, Charles, 1934-35, Un nouveau système de projection cartographique, projection de la sphère sur un polyédre de 32 faces, icosaédre tronqué par le dodecaédre, selon construction de M.O. Dallwigk, à Genève: Le Globe, Bulletin, v. 74, p. 30-33. [Projection of sphere onto truncated icosahedron.] 352. Burney, James, 1803, Remarks on the projection of charts and particularly on the degree of curvature proper to be given to the parallels of latitude, in his A chronological history of the discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean: London, v. 1, p. 385-391. 353. Burnham, G.H., 1934, Map projections as a basis for maps: Journal of Geography, v. 33, no. 4, p. 142-147. 354. Burns, E.L.M., 1934, Point-to-point working for the conical orthomorphic projection: Empire Survey Review, v. 2, no. 11, p. 278-282. 354a. Burroughs, C.A., 1989, Charles Sanders Peirce; Sesquicentennial International Congress: Portolan, no. 16, p. 9-12. [Peirce projection.] 355. Butler & Co., E.H., [1871], The hemispheres in homolographic projections, in Mitchell, S.A., Mitchell's New Outline Maps: Philadelphia, large series, no. 7. 356. Byrd, W.O., 1948, Universal military grids and referencing systems: Columbus, Ohio State University, Mapping, Charting, and Reconaissance Laboratory, Technical Paper No. 11, Research Foundation Project No. 307, 15 p. + 2 appendices, 9 and 11 p., resp., by J.B. Schreiter. [Alternatives to UTM.] 357. C., J., 1943-44, Grid bearings and distances on the conical orthomorphic projection: Empire Survey Review, 1943, v. 7, no. 48, p. 68-79; 1944, no. 51, p. 211-221; no. 52, p. 248-254. 358. Cagnoli, Antonio, 1799, Della più esalta costruzione delle carte geografiche: Società Italiana, Memorie di Matematica e Fisica, v. 2, p. 658-664. 359. Cahill, B.J.S., 1909, An account of a new land map of the world: Scottish Geographical Magazine, v. 25, no. 9, p. 449-469. [Butterfly Map.] 360.___1913, An account of a land map of the world on a new and original projection: Assn. of Engineering Societies, Journal, v. 61, no. 4, p. 153-207. [Butterfly Map.] 361.___1913, Map of the world: U.S. Patent 1,054,276, dated Feb. 25. [Four northern and four southern octant lobes, symmetric about North Pole.] 362.___1913, Geographical globe: U.S. Patent 1,081,207, dated Dec. 9. [Rubber ball cut into globe octants for use as globe or flat Butterfly Map.] 363.___1914, A new map of the world, comprehensive accurate projection of the globe on a flat surface: Engineering Magazine, v. 46, Jan., p. 583-586. [Butterfly Map.] 364.___[1914?], The Butterfly Map, the surface of the world shown on an eight-part decentralized projection: Oakland, Calif. 365.___1929, Projections for world maps: Monthly Weather Review, v. 57, no. 4, p. 128-133. [Butterfly Map, world in eight conformal equilateral triangles, also nonconformal variant.] 366.___1931, Daily synoptic charts from one base map: Amer. Assn. for the Advancement of Science, Pasadena meeting, June 1931. 367.___1934, A world map to end world maps: Geografiska Annaler, v. 16, no. 2-3, p. 97-108. [Butterfly Map.] 368.___1934, Static and dynamic world maps: Amer. Meteorological Society, Bulletin, v. 15, no. 11, p. 261-265. 369.___1937, Die Schmetterlingskarte; das oktaedrische System der Projektion der Erdkugel: Petermanns Mitteilungen, v. 83, no. 5, p. 129-131. [Comments by Max Eckert-Greifendorff, p. 131-132.] [Gnomonic projection onto octahedron.] 370.___1939, Progress of the Butterfly Map - the three variants: Architect and Engineer, v. 137, May, p. 47-49. 371.___1940, One base map in place of five: Monthly Weather Review, v. 68, no. 2, p. 41. [Eight conformal octants of globe as equilateral triangles joined as Butterfly Map.] 372. Calderera, Gastono, 1910, Sulla classificazione delle proiezioni geografiche: Rivista Geografica Italiana, v. 17, no. 9, p. 473-487. [Classification of projections.] 373. Calkoen, J.F.v.B., 1810, Nouvelle théorie de construction pour les mappemondes: Utrecht, Mortier, Covens & Zoon. 374. Camargo De Parada, Luis, 1973, Las ciencias cartográficas v el ordenador...El primero de ellos se refiere a los diferentes cálculos en la proyección U.T.M., haciendo un estudio previo de dicha proyección: Servícío Geográfíco del Ejércíto, Boletín de Información, no. 21, part 1, p. 25-44. 375. Campbell, Eila, 1974, Verdict on the Vinland map: Geographical Magazine, v. 46, no. 7, p. 307-312. [Says form of Vinland map may be based on Aitoff projection.] 376. Campbell, John, 1984, Map projections: establishing the graticule, in his Introductory cartography: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, Inc., p. 31-79. 376a. Canters, Frank, 1989, New projections for world maps / a quantitative-perceptive approach: Cartographica, v. 26, no. 2, p. 53-71. 376b.___1991, Map projection in a GIS environment: International Cartographic Association, 15th Conference, Bournemouth, Eng., Sept. 23-Oct. 1, Proceedings, v. 2, p. 595-604. 376c. Canters, Frank, and Decleir, Hugo, 1989, The world in perspective - A directory of world map projections: Chichester, Eng., John Wiley and Sons., 181 p. 376d. Capek, Ruchard, 1986, Konstruktion der echten kartographischen Abbildungen in transversaler und in schiefachsiger Lage: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, v. 21, no. 1, p. 57-77. 376e.___1989, Konstruktion der konventionellen kartographischen Abbildungen in transversaler und schiefachsiger Lage: Acta Universitatis Carolinae, v. 24, no. 1, p. 53-66. 377. Capello, C.F., and Chionetti, M.L., 1958, Le proiezioni, in their Elementi i cartografia: Turin, v. 7, p. 31-63. 378. Caputo, Michele, 1956, Alcune considerazioni sulle serie delle rappresentazioni diretta ed inversa di una superficie di rotazione sul piano secondo Gauss: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 15, no. 4, p. 477-483. [Italian with English abstract.] 379.___1956-57, Su alcuni problemi al contorno della teoria delle rappresentazioni conformi: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Atti, Classe Scienze Mat. Nat., v. 115. 380.___1957, Scale error in Gaussian (U.T.M.) projection: Columbus, Ohio State University, Mapping and Charting Research Laboratory, Technical Memorandum No. 11, 13 p. 381. Carandell, Juan, 1934, La perspectiva estereográfica una materialización didáctica: Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Publicado en Roseñas Cientificas, v. 9, p. 101-105. 382. Carder, D.W., 1962, Lunar charting on the scale 1:1,000,000: in Kopal, Z., and Mikhailov, Z.K., The Moon: London and New York, Academic Press, Symposium no. 14 of the International Astronomical Association, 1960, p. 117-129. [Map projections for lunar charting.] 383. Carpenter, J.C., 1948, Plane co-ordinates for highway maps: Military Engineer, v. 40, no. 276, p. 464-467. 384. Carty, W.P., 1984, The new map makers: Americas, v. 36, no. 5, p. 24-25. [Peters, Gollege and Levine.] 385. Carvalho da Costa, Antonio, 1686, Compendio geographico distribuido em tres tratados, o primeiro, da projecçam das Espheras em plano, construcçam dos mappas universaes, & particulares, & fabrica das cartas hydrographicas...: Lisbon, 150 p. [Portuguese.] 386. Caspari, C.E., 1905, Mappemonde circulaire; projection de M. Alphonse van den [sic] Grinten: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, v. 11, part 1, p. 58-60. 387. Castillo, C.J. del, 1961 [1962], Aplicación practica de la proyección Mercator Transversal Universal (U.T.M.): Caracas. 388. Castner, H.W., 1971, An Ontario regional development atlas: Cartographica, Monograph no. 2, p. 77-84. ["Folded" projection to foreshorten northern Ontario.] 388a. Cauvin, C., Schneider, C., and Cherrier, G., 1989, Cartographic transformations and the piezopleth maps method: Cartographic Journal, v. 26, no. 2, p. 96-104. [Cartograms.] 389. Cayley, Arthur, 1875, On the Mercator's projection of a skew hyperboloid of revolution: Messenger of Mathematics, series 2, v. 4, p. 17-21. 390. Cebrián, Príamo, and Arcos y Miranda, Antonio los, 1895, Teoria general de las proyecciones geográficas y su applicación à la formación de un mapa de España: Madrid, Instituto Geográfico y Estadistico, 270 p. 391. Cerny, J.W., 1971, A computer program for azimuthal map transformations: Professional Geographer, v. 23, no. 2, p. 144-145. 391a.___1972, Ontogenetic and phylogenetic perspectives on cartograms: Monadnock, v. 46, p. 47-52. 392. Chagas, C.B., 1959, Teoria a prática do sistema UTM da projeçao conforme de Gauss: Publicaçao especial, Rio de Janiero, Ministério da Guerra, Estado-Maior do Exército, Directoria do Serviço Geográfico, 76 p. [Portuguese. Gauss Conformal Transverse Mercator projection used for UTM.] 393. Chamberlin, Wellman, 1947, The round Earth on flat paper: map projections used by cartographers: Washington, National Geographic Society, 126 p. Revised to add Chamberlin Trimetric projection, 1950, 126 p. 394.___1949, Projections, in A hypothetical map of North America (a panel discussion): Surveying and Mapping, v. 9, no. 4, p. 276-277. 395. Champagne, R.H., and Giese, R.P., 1984, A guide to map projections: Houston, Texas, Shell Oil Co., 74 p. 397. Chebyshev, P.L., 1856, Sur la construction des cartes géographiques: St. Petersburg, Académie Impériale des Sciences, Classe Physico-Mathématique, Bulletin, v. 14, p. 257-261. [Presents principles for minimum-error projections. Reprinted in Oeuvres de P.L. Tchebychef: New York, Chelsea Pub. Co., 1962, v. 1.] 398.___1946, Chercheniye geograficheskikh kart, in Izbrannyye matematicheskiye trudy [Selected mathematical works]: Moscow-Leningrad. [Russian. The drafting of geographic maps.] 399. Cheng, Yang, 1985, [Complex function and conformal projection]: Acta Geodetica et Cartographica Sinica, v. 14, no. 1, p. 51-60. [Chinese with English abstract.] 399a.___1989, On numerical method to develop conformal projections with special character: International Cartographic Association, 14th World Conference, Aug. 17-24, Budapest, Abstracts--Resumes, p. 622. [Abstract only.] 399b.___1990, [On conformal projection maintaining the length of any desired curve on the earth ellipsoid true to scale]: Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, v. 19, no. 2, p. 110-119. [Chinese with English abstract.] 399c.___1992, On conformal projection maintaining a desired curve on the ellipsoid without distortion: ASPRS/ACSM (Amer. Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing / Amer. Congress on Surveying and Mapping), Summer Convention, Aug. 3-8, Washington, D.C., Technical Papers, v. 3, p. 294-303. 400. Chernuchin, L.S., 1966, Formuly i vspomogatel'nye tablicy dlya ispol'zovaniya gorizontal'noy stereograficheskoy proyektsii (s sekushchey kartinnoy ploskostyu) pri kartografirovanii territoriy otdel'nykh respublik, krayev i oblastey: Omskiy Sel'skokhoziaistvennyy Institut, Nauchnye Trudy, v. 56, p. 47-62. [Russian. Formulas and auxiliary tables for use in the Stereographic horizontal-projection (with the sphere intersecting the map plane) for the mapping of republics, regions, and provinces.] 400a. Chernyshev, A.V., 1989, Kvaziravnougol'naya konicheskaya proyektsiya: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 8, p. 36-38. [Russian. A quasiconformal conic projection.] 401. Chislov, P.A., 1969, Proyektsionnoye chercheniye. (Usheb posobiye): Moscow. [Russian. Discusses Orthographic projection.] 402. Chizu (Map), Journal of Japan Cartographers Assn., 1975, Eckert's projection: v. 13, no. 3, p. 41. [Japanese.] 403. Chovitz, B.H., 1952, Classification of map projections in terms of the metric tensor to the second order: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 11, no. 4, p. 379-394. 404.___1954, Some applications of the classification of map projections in terms of the metric tensor to the second order: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 13, no. 1, p. 47-67. [English and Italian.] 405.___1956, A general formula for ellipsoid-to-ellipsoid mapping: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-20. [English and Italian.] 406.___1978, Perspective projections in terms of the metric tensor to the second order: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 37, no. 2-3, p. 451-463. 407.___1979, A general theory of map projections: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 38, no. 3, p. 458-479. 407a. Christensen, A.H.J., 1992, The Chamberlin Trimetric projection: Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, v. 19, no. 2, p. 88-100. 408. Chu, G.H.-Y., 1974, The rectangular grid in Chinese cartography: Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin, Master's thesis. 409. Churski, Zygmunt, and Galon, Rajmund, 1968, Siatki kartograficzne: Torun, Uniwersytet Nikolaja Kopernika, 205 p. [Polish. Cartographic projections. 2nd ed., 1974. 3rd ed., 1982.] 410. Chuvikov, N.T., 1957, Preobrasovaniye ortogonal'nykh proyektsiy: Moscow, Sovetskaya Nauka, 172 p. [Russian. Orthogonal projection.] 411. Claire, C.N., 1968, State plane coordinates by automatic data processing: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Pub. 62-4, 68 p. [Projections used for each zone.] 412. Clark, Alexander, 1911, A world map on the sinusoidal net and its advantages: Geographical Teacher, v. 6, part 2, no. 30, p. 114-117. 413.___1911, Clark's measurement map. A new world map on the sinusoidal curve projection (2nd ed.): Sheffield, Pawson & Brailsford. 414. Clark, R., 1977, Regional and world maps based on an octahedron: Classroom Geographer, Oct., p. 17-20. 415. Clarke, A.R., 1879, Geography - mathematical geography: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., v. 10, p. 197-210. [Same text, vol., and page nos. in 10th ed., 1902. For 11th to 14th ed., see Close and Clarke.] 416. Clarke, F.L., 1973, Zone to zone transformation on the transverse Mercator projection: Australian Surveyor, v. 25, no. 4, p. 293-302. 417. Clendinning, J., 1939, Conformal representation: Empire Survey Review, v. 5, no. 31, p. 38-50. 418.___1942, The modified meridian distance in the conical orthomorphic projection: Empire Survey Review, v. 6, no. 43, p. 274-284. 419. Clos-Arceduc, Albert, 1956 (1957), L'énigme des portulans; étude sur la projection et le mode de construction des cartes à rumbs du XIVe. et du XVe. siècle: Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, Section de Géographie, Bulletin, v. 69, p. 215-231. 419a.__1958, Détermination de la projection d'une carte ancienne Paris: Paris, I.G.N., 7 p. 420.___1967, Les origines de la projection de Mercator: Louvain, Volume jubilaire offert à L.G. Polspoel, (Acta Geographica Lovanensia. 5), p. 21-29. 421. Close, C.F., 1901, A sketch of the subject of map projections: London, H.M. Stationery Office, 39 p. [Reprinted 1904: London, Harrison, 40 p.] 422.___1905, Textbook of topographical and geographical surveying: London, H.M. Stationery Office, 288 p. [2nd ed., 1913, 412 p.; 3rd ed., 1925, 336 p. Includes discussion of projections.] 423.___1908, Map projections: Geographical Teacher, v. 4, part 4, no. 20, p. 152-161. 424.___1910, Tables for the projection of graticules for maps on the scale of 1:1,000,000: Prepared by the Geographical Section of the General Staff. To be used as Appendix 12, Text-book of topographical surveying: London, Wyman. 425.___1921, Note on a Doubly-Equidistant projection: Geographical Journal, v. 57, no. 6, p. 446-448. 426.___1922, Note on two double, or two-point, map projections: Ordnance Survey, Professional papers, new series, no. 5, 8 p. [See review by Young, A.E., 1922, Two new map projections: Geographical Journal, v. 60, no. 4, p. 297-299.] 427.___1926, New War office maps of Africa and Asia: Geographical Journal, v. 68, no. 3, p. 253-257. [Modified IMW Polyconic projection for Africa and Lambert Conformal Conic projection with two standard parallels for Asia. Includes comments by A.R. Hinks.] 428.___1927, The transverse elliptical equal-area projection of the sphere, otherwise transverse Mollweide: London, Ordnance Survey, Professional papers, new series, no. 11, 6 p. 429.___1927, Some new map projections: Geography, v. 14, part 2, no. 78, p. 101-110. [Discusses several recently published projections.] 430.___1929, An oblique Mollweide projection of the sphere: Geographical Journal, v. 73, no. 3, p. 251-253. 431.___1930, The transverse elliptical equal-area projection of the sphere: 12th International Geographical Congress, Cambridge, Eng., 1928, Report of the Proceedings, p. 109-112. [Transverse Mollweide projection.] 432.___1934, Recent British contributions to the study of map projections: Zbior prac. Recueil de Travaux dédié par la Société Géographique de Lwów a Eugenjusz Romer, p. 111-117. 433.___1934, A Doubly Equidistant projection of the sphere: Geographical Journal, v. 83, no. 2, p. 144-145. 434.___1935, Two-Point Azimuthal-Equidistant projection: Geographical Journal, v. 86, no. 5, p. 445-446. 435. Close, C.F. Arden-, 1938, A polar-azimuthal retro-azimuthal projection: Geographical Journal, v. 92, no. 6, p. 536-537. [Formerly Close, C.F.] 436.___1939, A combined cylindrical projection: Empire Survey Review, v. 5, no. 32, p. 66-67. [Arithmetic average of Mercator and Cylindrical Equal-Area projections.] 437.___1941, An oblique rectangular cylindrical projection: Geographical Journal, v. 97, no. 6, p. 349-350. 438.___1942, The map of the Pacific: Geographical Journal, v. 100, no. 2, p. 65-72. [With comments by A.J. Dilloway, G.T. McCaw, and A.R. Hinks. Several possible alternative projections.] 439.___1943, A combined projection: Empire Survey Review, v. 7, no. 49, p. 135-136. [A mean between Cylindrical Equal-Area projection and its transverse aspect.] 440.___1947, Some curious map projections, in his Geographical byways and some other essays: London, E. Arnold, p. 68-88. 441. Close, C.F., and Clarke, A.R., 1911, Map projections: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., v. 17, p. 653-663. [Same text, vol., and page nos. in 12th ed., 1922, and 13th ed., 1926. For 14th ed., 1929 (reprintings to 1960), text abridged and revised in v. 14, p. 846-851. For 15th ed., see Miller, O.M. (1962).] 442. Close, C.F. Arden- and George, Frank, 1952, A forgotten pseudo-zenithal projection: Geographical Journal, v. 118, pt. 2, p. 237. [Wiechel projection.] 443. Coatpont, G.H.A.L. de, 1877, Propriétés et construction d'une carte des deux continents en projection azimutale équivalente: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 6, v. 13, Feb., p. 151-169. [Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection.] 444.___1878, Analyse d'une carte représentant l'Asie et l'Europe en projection azimutale équivalente: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 6, v. 16, July, p. 5-17. [Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection.] 445.___1894, Note, sur les projections des cartes géographiques. Exposé et application de la projection la moins dissemblable: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 7, v. 15, no. 4, p. 605-616. 446. Cogley, J.G., 1983, An analysis of the Miller oblated stereographic projection: Cartographica, v. 20, no. 3, p. 45-54. 447.___1984, Map projections with freely variable aspects: Amer. Geophysical Union, Eos Transactions, v. 65, no. 34, p. 481-482. 448. Cohen, Jaques, 1962, Cálculo da projeçao azimutal equidistante em computador digital: Anais Hidrográficos, v. 20, p. 87ff. [Portuguese. Calculation of the Azimuthal Equidistant projection on the digital computer.] 449. Colas, J.A., 1904, Map: U.S. Patent 752,957, dated Feb. 23. [Oval-shaped world map projection.] 450. Cole, J.H., 1942, Map projections in practice: Giza (Orman), Egypt, Ministry of Finance, Survey of Egypt, Survey Paper no. 45, 43 p. [Supplement, 1943, 5 p.] 451.___1943, The use of the conformal sphere for the construction of map projections: Giza (Orman), Egypt, Ministry of Finance, Survey of Egypt, Survey Paper no. 46, 32 p. 452. Coleclough, J.K., 1932, The "Butterfly" map projection: Nature, v. 130, no. 3286, p. 635. [See corrections by Cahill, B.J.S.: no. 3295, p. 973-974.] 453. Coleclough, J.K., and Toy, H.S., 1926, Methods of making maps: Science Progress, no. 82, p. 292-306. 454. Collignon, Édouard, 1865, Recherches sur la représentation plane de la surface du globe terrestre: École Polytechnique, Journal, v. 24, p. 125-132. 455. Collins, F.H., 1963, Co-ordinate transformation: Technical Report NAVTRADEVCEN 1907-7315, 192 p. [Abstract in U.S. Government-wide Research Reports, v. 39, no. 5, (suppl.) order no. AD-604 169. Study of computer transformation of map on one projection to another.] 456. Colvocoresses, A.P., 1959, Projection and horizontal reference system, in his A study of the needs and specifications for a national city mapping program: Columbus, Ohio State University, Dept. of Geodetic Science, p. 14-20. 457.___1965, A unified plane co-ordinate reference system: Columbus, Ohio State University, Dept. of Geodetic Science, Doctoral dissertation, 161 p. 458.___1969, A unified plane co-ordinate reference system: World Cartography, v. 9, p. 9-65. [Essentially a reprint of Colvocoresses (1965).] 459.___1974, The map projection of the ERTS multispectral scanner: Amer. Society of Photogrammetry, 40th annual meeting, St. Louis, Mo., Papers, p. 607. [Abstract only. Space Oblique Mercator projection.] 460.___1974, Space Oblique Mercator: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 40, no. 8, p. 921-926. 461.___1975, Space Oblique Mercator - a new map projection of the Earth: International Society of Photogrammetry Commission III, Stuttgart, Sept. 2-6, 1974, Proceedings of the Symposium. Deutsche Geodätische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, series B: Angewandte Geodäsie, no. 214, p. 259-265. 462.___1977, Planimetric mapping from spacecraft, in Uotila, U.A., ed., The changing world of geodetic science: Columbus, Ohio State University, Dept. of Geodetic Science, Report no. 250, p. 352-358. [Status of Space Oblique Mercator projection.] 463.___1977, Map projection options for Landsat: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey memo EC-50-Landsat, 4 p. [Compares UTM, Oblique Mercator, and Space Oblique Mercator projections.] 464. Conn, C., 1960, The conversion of co-ordinates from the Cassini to the Transverse Mercator projection: Empire Survey Review, v. 15, no. 116, p. 274-277. 465. Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, 1943, Maps and how to understand them: 2nd ed., 32 p. 466. Conzett, Rudolf, 1975, Kartenprojektionen und Computer: Vermessung, Photogrammetrie, Kulturtechnik, v. 73, no. 1, p. 82-84. [Conformal projections, especially Swiss Oblique Mercator.] 467. Coordes, C., 1882, Kleines Lehrbuch der Landkarten-Projektion: Kassel, F. Kessler, 61 p. [Later ed., 1891, 86 p.] 468. Cortesao, Armando, 1969, History of Portuguese cartography: Lisbon, Junta de Investigaçoes do Ultramar, v. 1, p. 97-110. [Projections used in Ptolemy editions.] 469. Costa, Luciano, 1978, Principi di cartografia tecnica: Genoa, Università di Genova, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Istituto di Trasporti, Cattedra di Topografia, Bozzi, 96 p. 470. Cotter, C.H., 1966, Map projections, in his The astronomical & mathematical foundations of geography: New York, American Elsevier, p. 172-233. 471.___1977, The development of the mariner's chart: International Hydrographic Review, v. 54, no. 1, p. 119-130. 472. Courtier,..., 1940-45 (1946), Exposé de la projection de Lambert: Annales Hydrographiques, series 3, v. 17, p. 101-114. 473. Cousin, J.A.J., 1777, 1778(?), De figura terrae commentatio, in K. Akademie gemeinnütziger wissenschaften zu Erfurt: Acta Academiae electoralis moguntinae scientiarum quae Erfurti est, ad annum, Erfurti, p. 209-216. [Latin.] 474. Cox, J.F., 1934, La géographie mathématique: Université de Bruxelles, Revue, v. 39, no. 3, p. 358-373. 475.___1935, Représentation de la surface entière de la terre dans un triangle équilatéral: Académie Royale de Belgique, Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, series 5, v. 21, no. 1, p. 66-71. [Conformal projection of world within equilateral triangle.] 476.___1939, Projection meridienne equivalente de la sphère entière dans une circonference: Ciel et Terre, v. 55, p. 45-47. 477.___1946, The doubly equidistant projection: Bulletin Géodésique, new series, no. 2, p. 74-76. [Supplement with same name, 1951, no. 19, p. 57-60. Both papers in French.] 478.___1954, Notions sur les projections équivalentes; (canevas de cartes géographiques qui conservent les aires élémentaires): Brussels, Office de Publicité, Centre Belge de Navigation, Publications no. 13, 31 p. 479. Cox, J.F., and Jehle, H., 1948, Sur le choix d'un planisphère: Scientia, series 4, annus 34, v. 68, no. 7-8, p. 47-51. 480. Craig, J.I., 1910, Map-projections (Technical lecture, 1909). The theory of map-projections, with special reference to the projections used in the Survey Department: Cairo, Egypt, Ministry of Finance, Survey Dept., paper no. 13, 25 + 80 p. [Presents his "Mecca" retroazimuthal projection. See also review by Close, C.F., 1911: Geographical Journal, v. 37, no. 2, p. 208-209.] 481.___1912, A class of map projections - retroazimuthal: British Association for the Advancement of Science, 81st Meeting, Portsmouth, 1911, Report, p. 448-449. 482. Craig, Thomas, 1880, Orthomorphic projection of an ellipsoid upon a sphere: Amer. Journal of Mathematics, v. 3, no. 2, p. 114-127. 483.___1882, A treatise on projections: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 247 p. [Also U.S. Dept. of Treasury, Document 61.] 484. Cramer, R.E., 1963, A workshop in essentials of cartography and mapping: Dubuque, Iowa, W.C. Brown, part II, Projections, p. 55-85. 485. Craster, J.E.E., 1929, Some equal-area projections of the sphere: Geographical Journal, v. 74, no. 5, p. 471-474. [Presents pseudocylindrical projections, especially his parabolic. See also 1931, v. 78, p. 194-195.] 486.___1934, Cylindrical map-projections: Empire Survey Review, v. 2, no. 14, p. 493-496. 487.___1938, Oblique Conical Orthomorphic projection for New Zealand: Geographical Journal, v. 92, no. 6, p. 537-538. 488. Crépin Bourdier de Beauregard, P.E.E.A., 1912, ...Guide scientifique du géographe-explorateur: Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 250 p., chap. 5. 489. Crone, G.R., 1952, A new world map: Some significant features: New Commonwealth, v. 24, no. 13, p. 620-621. [Oblique Eckert V projection proposed by Andrews (1952, A new...).] 490. Csepregni, Szabolcz, and Soha, Gábor, 1983, Szabatos vetületi számitasok: Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 35, no. 4, p. 247-257. [Hungarian with English abstract. Precise projection calculations.] 491. Cueni, B., 1932, Die Flächenverzerrung der winkeltreuen, schiefachsigen Zylinderprojektion: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen und Kulturtechnik: v. 30, p. 35ff. 492. Curie, J., 1900, Système de construction des cartes de Babinet et Sanson: Assoc. Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences, 28th session, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, 1899, Compte Rendu: Paris, p. 73-86. 493. Dahlberg, R.E., 1961, Maps without projections: Journal of Geography, v. 60, no. 5, p. 213-218. [Maps without graticules.] 494.___1962, Evolution of interrupted map projections: International Yearbook of Cartography, v. 2, p. 36-54. [Detailed history.] 495.___1969, The elements of a map: Journal of Geography, v. 68, no. 9, p. 527-534. 496. Dähler, Thomas, 1975, Der schweizerische Koordinatennullpunkt bei Bordeaux: Schweizerische Bauzeitung, v. 93, no. 14, p. 202-205. 497. d'Aiguillon, François, 1613, De projectionibus, in his Francisci Aguilonii opticorum libri sex, philosophis juxta ac mathematicis utiles: Paris, book 6, p. 453-636. [Latin. Discusses earlier map projections.] 498. Daly, C.P., 1879, On the early history of cartography, or what we know of maps and map-making before the time of Mercator: Amer. Geographical Society, Journal, v. 11, p. 1-40. [Also discusses projections.] 498a. Dameron, L.Y., 1960, Projection for lunar map: Military Engineer, v. 52, Jan., p. 5. 499. Danielsen, Jan, 1987, Recursion-formulae for the Gauss-Krüger series: Survey Review, v. 29, no. 224, p. 79-84. 500. Danis, M., 1958, Stereografická valcová sinusoidalna projekcia: Bratislava, Sbornik Fak. Inz. Stavi, no. 2, p. 137-149. [Slovakian. Stereographic sinusoidal cylindrical projection.] 501. Darboux, Gaston, 1911, Sur la construction des cartes géographiques: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, series 2, v. 35, p. 23-28. 502.___1911, Sur un problème posé par Lagrange: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, series 2, v. 35, p. 28-30. 503.___1911, Sur méthode de Tissot relative à la construction des cartes géographiques: Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, series 2, v. 35, p. 55-64. 504. Dárdano, Achille, 1913, Cartografia elementare pratica, con figure nel testo e 4 tavole: Novara, Istituto Geografico de Agostini, 97 p. 505.___1919, La proiezioni in planisfero per le carte di geografia economica: La Geografia (Rivista di Propaganda Geografica), v. 7, no. 1, p. 24-41. 506. Darwin, George, 1875, On maps of the world: London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, series 4, v. 50, no. 333, p. 431-434. [Polyhedral globes.] 507. Darwin, Leonard, 1890, On the projection of maps for military purposes: London, War Office, 10 p. 508. Daskalova, Mara, 1964, Normalna ekvivalentna konichna proyektsiya s naymalka sredna kvadratia deformatsiya v dalzhina: Sbornik Statey po Kartografii, no. 6, p. 9-14. [Bulgarian. A normal equivalent conic projection with the least mean-square deformation of distance.] 509.___1982, Izvezhdaniye na konstantite pri komformnata i ravnopromezhdut'chna konichna proyektsiya s prilozheniye na kriteriya na Eyri: Godisnik - Vissiya Institut po Arhitektura i Stroitelstvo, 1981-82, v. 29, no. 3, p. 41-52. [Bulgarian. Deducing the constants of the conformal and equidistant conical projection with the application of Airy's criterion. English abstract in Geo Abstracts, 1984, no. 5, p. 341.] 510. Daskalova, M., Todorova, E., and Dilov, C., 1982, [Variants of non-perspective conical projections]: Godisnik - Vissiya Institut po Arhitektura i Stroitelstvo, 1981-82, v. 29, no. 3, p. 109-127. [Bulgarian. English abstract in Geo Abstracts, 1984, no. 5, p. 341.] 511. Daulé, P.F., 1887, Nouvelle et ingénieuse projection de la mappemonde proposée aux géographes, aux instituleurs, aux géometrès, etc.: Saint Quantin, Moureau, 8 p. 512. d'Avezac de Castera-Macaya, M.A.P., 1841, Notice de quelques procédés expéditifs et d'un nouvel instrument pour le tracé du canevas des projections géographiques les plus usuelles, proposés par m. Larcade, professeur de mathématiques à Paris: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 2, v. 16, sect. 1, p. 120-126. 513.___1863, Coup d'oeil historique sur la projection des cartes de géographie: Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 5, v. 5, Apr-May, p. 257-361; June, p. 438-485. [Detailed history of projections. Classification and nomenclature, p. 473-485. Reprinted in Acta Cartographica, 1977, v. 25, p. 21-173.] 514. Davies, Arthur, 1949, An interrupted zenithal world map: Scottish Geographical Magazine, v. 65, no. 1, p. 1-6. [Oblique Azimuthal Equidistant projection centered on Balearic Islands, for inner hemisphere, and interrupted beyond to reduce distortion.] 515. Davies, Charles, 1826, Elements of descriptive geometry, with their application to spherical trigonometry, spherical projections and warped surfaces: Philadelphia, 228 p. [Also other editions.] 516. Davis, C.M., 1942, Maps in a changing world: Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review, v. 48, no. 24, p. 268-275. ["Air-age" projections.] 516a. Day, J.W.R., 1990, The finite distance scale factor formula for Transverse Mercator, decumenal Mercator and Skew Orthomorphic grids correct to fourth order terms: Survey Review, v. 30, no. 236, p. 244-258. 517. DBA Systems Inc., 1976, Map projections for satellite imagery: Melbourne, Florida, prepared for USGS under contract no. 24395, 71 p. [Attempt to develop Space Oblique Mercator projection.] 517a. Deakin, R.E., 1990, A minimum-error equal-area pseudocylindrical map projection: Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, v. 17, no. 2, p. 161-167. [Reprinted in Chinese in Cartography (Wuhan Technical Univ., Wuhan, China), 1991, no. 3, p. 39-43.] 517b.___1990, The "Tilted Camera" perspective projection of the Earth: Cartographic Journal, v. 27, no. 1, p. 7-14. 518. de Beaumont, H.B., 1888, De la projection dans la cartographie et de l'heure universelle: C. Schuchardt, 56 p. 519.___1888, De la projection en cartographie et présentation d'une nouvelle projection de la sphère entière comme planisphère: Société de Géographie de Genève, Globe, Mémoires, v. 27, p. 3-26. 520.___1889, Map: U.S. Patent 400,642, dated Apr. 2. [Also patented in Belgium Mar. 27, 1888, no. 81,202. World map projection with most meridians and parallels as circular arcs.] 521.___1890, De la projection en cartographie: Revue Géographique Internationale, v. 15, Feb.-May, p. 29-30, 61-62, 85-87, 109-111. 522.___1891, Présentation, avec cartes nouvelles, d'une cartographie générale pour le meilleur enseignement de la géographie: Société de Géographie de Genève, Globe, v. 2, 5th series, p. 214-218. [Also in 5th Intl. Geographical Congress, Berne, 1892, Comptes rendus: Schmid, Francke & cie., p. 351-354.] 523. Debenham, Frank, 1942, Astrographics: Cambridge, Eng., W. Heffer, and New York, Chemical Publishing Co., 118 p. [Includes navigational use of map projections.] 524. Debes, Ernst, 1883, Dr. Nells modifizierte Globular-Projektion: Verein für Erdkunde zu Leipzig, Mitteilungen, v. 12, p. 19-34. 525. Decleir, Hugo, 1980, Het nieuwe wereldbeeld in Petersprojektie: Quardrijkskunde, v. 4, no. 2, p. 125-132. [Dutch. New world map on Peters projection.] 526. Deetz, C.H., 1918, The Lambert Conformal Conic projection with two standard parallels, including a comparison of the Lambert projection with the Bonne and Polyconic projections: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 47, 61 p. 527.___1918, Lambert projection tables with conversion tables. Supplement to the Lambert conformal conic projection with two standard parallels: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 49, 84 p. 528.___1928, Map projections and nomenclature: Amer. Journal of Science, series 5, v. 16, no. 91, p. 73-75. 529.___1932, Map projections: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Assn. of Field Engineers, Bulletin 5, p. 1-13. 530.___1932, Map projections, a review: Presented before the Board of Surveys and Maps, Mar. 8, 13 p. 531.___1936, Map projections, in his Cartography: A review and guide for the construction and use of maps and charts: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 205, 1st ed., p. 39-56. [2nd ed., 1943.] 532. Deetz, C.H., and Adams, O.S., 1921, Elements of map projection with applications to map and chart construction (1st ed.): U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Spec. Pub. 68, 163 p. [2nd ed., 1928; 3rd ed., 1931, 173 p.; 4th ed., 1934, 200 p.; 5th ed., 1944, 226 p., reprinted by Greenwood Press, 1969.] 533. Defossez, L., 1910, Les cartes géographiques et leurs projections usuelles: Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 119 p. 534. de Graff, Hunter, 1921, Graticules of maps, in Auxiliary tables of the Survey of India, pt. 1: Dehra Dun, Survey of India, Trigonometrical Branch. [Revised and extended.] 535. de Henseler, Max, 1963, An oblique azimuthal equidistant projection centered on Addis Ababa: Geophysical Observatory, Addis Ababa, Bulletin, v. 3, no. 2, p. 169-172. 536.___1971, A retro-azimuthal equidistant projection centered on Addis Ababa: Geophysical Observatory, Haile Selassie-University, Addis Ababa, Bulletin, v. 13, p. 103-105. 537.___1985, Geschichte der Flagge der Vereinten Nationen: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 35, no. 4, p. 145-146. [Use of Azimuthal Equidistant projection for United Nations flag.] 538. De la Herverie, B., 1933, La mappemonde de l'Avenir: Le Miroir du Monde, Paris, Sept. 2. 539. de La Hire, Philippe, 1704, Construction d'un nouvel astrolabe universel: Paris, Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences année MDCCI, avec les Mémoires de mathématique et de physique pour la même année, p. 97-101 of Histoire; p. 253-260 of Mémoires (presented Dec. 3, 1701). [Discusses his perspective projection.] 540. Delambre, J.B.J., 1804, De la projection stéréographique: Institut National du Sciences et Arts, Sciences mathématiques et physiques, Mémoires, v. 5, p. 393-416. 541. Delevsky, Jacques, 1942, L'invention de la projection de Mercator et les enseignements de son histoire: Isis, v. 34, pt. 2, no. 94, p. 110-117. 542. Delisle, Guillaume, 1722, Determination géographique de la situation et de l'étendue des différentes parties de la terre: Paris, Académie Royale des Sciences, Histoire, 1720, p. 365-384. 543. DeLucia, A.A., and Snyder, J.P., 1986, An innovative world map projection: Amer. Cartographer, v. 13, no. 2, p. 165-167. [Orthographic projection of world plotted conformally on hemisphere of globe.] 544. De Marchi, Luigi, 1919, La rappresentazione della superficie terrestre: Scientia, series 2, v. 25, p. 186-195. 545. Demmel, Anton, 1961, Koordinatensystem und Flurkartenblattschnitt. Eine Betrachtung anlässlich der Einführung des Gauss-Krüger-Systems in die bayerische Katastervermessung: Allgemeine Vermessungs-Nachrichten, no. 9, p. 282-286. 546.___1964, Die Abgrenzung der Koordinatenbereiche des 9°- und 12°-Meridianstreifensystems in der bayerischen Katastervermessung und die Abbildungsverzerrungen der Gauss-Krüger-Projektion: Deutschen Vereins für Vermessungswesen Land-Vermessung Bayern, Mitteilungsblatt, v. 16, no. 1, p. 7-11. 547. De Morgan, Augustus, 1836, An explanation of the gnomonic projection of the sphere; and of such points of astronomy as are most necessary in the use of astronomical maps being a description of the construction and use of the larger and smaller maps of the stars; as also of the six maps of the Earth: London, Baldwin & Cradock, 126 p. 548. Denes, Agnes, 1979, Isometric systems in isotropic space: map projections from the study of distortions series 1973-1979: Rochester, N.Y., Visual Studies Workshop Press, 100 p. 549. Denmark. Geodaetisk Institut, 1981, UTM-nettet, Universal Transverse Mercator Grid, opbygning og anvendelse: Copenhagen, Geodaetisk Institut, 22 p. [Danish.] 550. Denoyer, L.P., 1943, Instructor's manual, accompanying charts of the map reading series, ed. by Henry M. Leppard: Chicago, Denoyer-Geppert Co., 20 p. 550a. Dent, B.D., 1972, A note on the importance of shape in cartogram communication: Journal of Geography, v. 71, no. 7, p. 393-401. 550b.___1975, Communication aspects of value-by-area cartograms: Amer. Cartographer, v. 2, no. 2, p. 154-168. 551.___1985, Employment of map projections, in his Principles of thematic map design: Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., p. 63-70. 551a.___1987, Continental shapes on world projections: the design of a poly-centred oblique orthographic world projection: Cartographic Journal, v. 24, no. 2, p. 117-124. 551b.___1990, Cartography - Thematic map design: Dubuque, Iowa, Wm. C. Brown Pub., 2nd ed., 433 p. [Two chapters on map projections, p. 47-88.] 552. Deputatova, V.N., 1969, O razvitii perspektivnykh proyektsiy c mnogokratnymi izobrazheniyami: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 1, p. 121-131. [Russian. Translated to English as Development of perspective projections with multiple representations: Geodesy and Aerophotography, 1969, no. 1, p. 58-62.] 553.___1969, Obobshchennye formuly perspektivnykh proyektsiy: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 2, p. 95-102. [Russian. Translated to English as: Generalized formulas of perspective projections: Geodesy and Aerophotography, no. 2, p. 117-121.] 554.___1974, Opredeleniye planetograficheskikh koordinat tochek snimka po ikh pryamougol'nym koordinatam: Izvestiya vuzov; Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 2, p. 97-101. [Russian. Determination of the planetary coordinates of the points of a photograph from their rectangular coordinates.] 555.___1983, Matematicheskaya osnova kart Luny: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy. Geodeziya i Aerofotos'emka, no. 1, p. 47-51. [Russian. Mathematical basis of maps of the Moon.] 556. Depuydt, Frans, 1982, The equivalent quintuple projection: Paper presented at the 11th International Cartographic Conference, Warsaw, 4 p. 557.___1983, The equivalent quintuple projection: International Yearbook of Cartography, v. 23, p. 63-74. [Equal-area map of world in five contiguous sections adapted from Bonne and Sinusoidal projections.] 558.___1985, Localisation dans l'espace: projections et canevas: La formation des Cartographes, Séminaire Rabat, Morocco, Apr. 16-21, 1984, Compte rendu: Enschede, p. 63-90. 559. Dermanis, Athanasios, and Livieratos, Evangelos, 1981, Strain analysis of map projections: Quaterniones Geodaesiae, no. 2-3. [Greek.] 559a.___1984, Deformation analysis of isoparametric telluroid mappings: Bollettino di Geodesia e Scienze Affini, v. 43, no. 4, p. 301-312. 559b. Dermanis, Athanasios, Livieratos, Evangelos, and Parashakis, I., 1983, Applications of strain criteria in cartography: Bulletin Géodésique, v. 57, no. 3, p. 215-225. 560. Descotes, Pierre-M., 1933, Courbes isodiastématiques, nouvelle méthode pour les calculer: La Paz, Bolivia, Observatorio de San Calixto, 17 p. [Discusses computation of curves of equal distance and azimuth on Mercator world map.] 561. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kartographie, 1981, Die sogenannte Peters-Projektion. Eine Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kartographie: Geographische Rundschau, v. 33, no. 8, p. 334-335. [Also in Kartographische Nachrichten, 1982, v. 32, no. 1, p. 33-36; Lehrmittel Aktuell, 1981, v. 7, no. 5, p. 6-8; Österreichische Geographische Gesellschaft, Mitteilungen, 1983, v. 125, p. 209-213. Translated to English as The so-called Peters projection: Cartographic Journal, 1985, v. 22, no. 2, p. 108-110; South African Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Cartography, 1987, v. 14, part 6, p. 391-395.] 562.___1986, The "new cartography": [United Nations] Secretariat News, v. 41, no. 10, p. 11-13. [Peters projection.] 563. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kartographie & Verband der Kartographischen Verlage und Institute, 1985, Ideologie statt Kartographie: Die Wahrheit über die "Peters-Weltkarte": Dortmund/Frankfurt am-Main, 11 p. [Peters projection and relation to other projections.] 564. D'Hollander, M., 1953 (1954), Note sur la projection de Goode: Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, Section de Géographie, Bulletin, v. 66, p. 177-184. [Note on Goode's projection.] 565. Dias Coverrubies, Francisco, 1864, Tablas para construir la proyección de la carta general de Mexico, por el ingeniero geógrafo con...: Sociedad Mexicana de Geogr. y Estidistica, v. 10, p. 118-124. 566. Diemler, Wilhelm, 1914, ...Konforme Abbildung des ganzen Erdellipsoids auf die Kugel: Munich, Königlich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 71 p. [Conformal projection of the ellipsoid.] 567. Diercke, Paul, 1929, Zwei Probleme der Kartenwissenschaft und ihre Beziehungen zu Albrecht Dürer: Geographischer Anzeiger, v. 30, p. 146-156. 568.___1929, Die graphische Konstruktion der Mercatorkarte: Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, v. 57, no. 2, p. 61-66. 569. Dilke, O.A.W. and M.S., 1985, The imprint of Ptolemy: Geographical Magazine, v. 57, no. 10, p. 544-549. 570. Dilloway, A.J., 1942, The cartographic solution of great circle problems: Royal Aeronautical Society, Journal, v. 46, no. 373, p. 4-31. 571.___1945, Graphics of world aviation: Royal Aeronautical Society, Journal, v. 49, no. 411, p. 112-140. [Stresses oblique aspects of several projections.] 571a. Dinchenko, A.I., 1938, Proyektsiya Chebysheva dlya Sovetskogo Soyuza: Geodezist, no. 10. [Russian. A Chebyshev projection for the Soviet Union.] 571b.___1940, K voprosy o kolebanyakh masshtaba v proyektsii Chebysheva: Geodezist, no. 9. [Russian. Problems about variation of scale on a Chebyshev projection.] 571c. Distefano, S.L., 1986, "Sistema-UTM" del territorio italiano ed organizzazione, del suo impiego nella cartografia tematica italiana conforme al modelli nazionali ed europei: Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Annali, v. 22, p. 137-144. 571d. Dodt, Jürgen, 1986, Die "Peters-Karte" und kein Ende: Kartographische Nachrichten, v. 36, no. 1, p. 16-17. Also see no. 4, p. 147-148. 572. Doergens, Richard, 1870, Theorie und Praxis der geographischen Kartennetze. 1.Theil: Die perspektivischen Projektionen: Berlin, S. Schropp'sche Hof-Landkartenhandlung, 46 p. [Only this portion published.] 573. Domokos, Györgynd, 1973, A környezeti ártalmak feltárasa és térképezése: Geodézia és Kartográfia, v. 25, no. 6, p. 433-438. [Hungarian with German abstract. Detection and mapping of environment damages.] 574. Donald, J.K., 1957, Donald Elliptic projection: New York, Amer. Telephone and Telegraph Co., unpublished manuscript, 16 p. [Modified Two-point Equidistant projection of ellipsoid for 48 United States and southern Canada, used by Amer. Telephone and Telegraph Co. to establish long-distance telephone rates.] 575. Dorozynski, Alexander, 1977, A new world map that puts the Third World in its proper perspective: Science Forum, v. 10, no. 6, p. 15-18. [Reprinted as The Peters world map: Is it an improvement?: Canadian Geographic, 1978, v. 97, no. 1, p. 24-28. See comments by Wray (1978).] 576. Dorzzancan, B., 1966, Mongol orny gazryn zurag zochiochod chereglech zuragzuyn trusgagiyn tuchay: Mongol Orny Gazarzuyn Asuudlund, no. 6, p. 3-12. [Mongolian with Russian abstract. A map projection for the map of the People's Republic of Mongolia.] 576a. Downs, R.M., and Liben, L.S., 1991, The development of expertise in geography: a cognitive-developmental approach to geographic education: Association of American Geographers, Annals, v. 81, no. 2, p. 304-327. [Understanding of map projection concepts discussed pp. 311-323.] 577. Doyle, F.J., 1973, Federal mapping and a national grid: Surveying and Mapping, v. 33, no. 3, p. 305-312. 578. Doytsher, Y., and Shmutter, B., 1981, Transformation of conformal projections for graphical purposes: Canadian Surveyor, v. 35, no. 4, p. 395-404. 579. Dozier, Jeff, 1980, Improved algorithm for calculation of UTM and geodetic coordinates: Washington, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA Technical Report NESS 81, 19 p. [Adaptation of Lee's (1976) closed formulas for exact Transverse Mercator of ellipsoid.] 580. Drecker, Josef, 1917, Ein Instrument, eine Karte und eine Schrift des Nürnberger Kartographen und Kompastmachers Erhard Etzlaub: Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, v. 45, June, p. 217-224. [Etzlaub's earlier use of Mercator projection. See comments by Hammer (1917).] 581.___1921, Zur Geschichte der Mercatorprojektion: Petermanns Mitteilungen, v. 67, Jan.-Feb., p. 27. [Comments on Eckert (1920, Zur....).] 582. Driencourt, Ludovic, 1934, Le planisphère de Mercator et la navigation maritime ou aérienne par relèvements radiogoniométriques pris du bord: Annales Hydrographiques, series 3, v. 13, p. 87-97. 583. Driencourt, Ludovic, and Laborde, Jean, 1932, Traité des projections des cartes géographiques à l'usage des cartographes et des géodésiens: Paris, Hermann et cie, 4 v. [See review by Vanssay de Blavous, P. de, 1933: Hydrographic Review, v. 10, no. 1, p. 80-87.] 584. Drogaytsev, D.A., 1958, Poperechnaya sistema koordinat dlya Arktiki: Moscow, Problemy Severa, v. 1, p. 346-353. [Russian. A transverse coordinate system for the Arctic.] 585. Duchesne, Charles, 1907, L'enseignement des projections cartographiques: Société Royale de Géographie d'Anvers, Bulletin, v. 31, p. 65-94. [Also published in separate form, at Liège.] 586.___1907, Les projections cartographiques: Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, Mémoires, series 3, v. 7, p. 1-178. 587. Dufour, G.H., 1868, Observations relatives à la "Note sur les projections gnomoniques, par Julien Thoulet": Société de Géographie, Bulletin, series 5, v. 15, Jan.-June, p. 390-393. 588. Dufour, H.M., 1969, La projection UTM calculs electroniques: Institut Géographique National, 15 p. 588a.___1989, Le système icostéréographique: Comité Français de Cartographie, Bulletin, v. 120, no. 2, p. 5-35. 589. Dufton, A.F., 1941, The world mapped in complementary segments: London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, series 7, v. 32, Nov., p. 436-437. [Use of equal-area sinusoidal-like projection in two parts. See comments in Geographical Journal, 1942, v. 99, no. 4, p. 206, probably by A.R. Hinks.] 590. Duken, A.J., 1984, Die mathematische Rekonstruktion der Portolankarte des Giovanni Carignano (ca. 1310). Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kartographie: Bückeburg, Ger., Driftman, 46 p. 591. Dumitrescu, Victor, 1957, O metoda de construire derivata a proiectiilor azimutale pentru hartile geografice: Bucharest, Analene Universitii, Seria Stiintele Naturii, Geologie-Geografie, no. 16, p. 175-187. [Romanian with French abstract. One method of constructing derivatives of azimuthal projections for geographic maps.] 592.___1962, Noi metode de construire a proiectiilor azimutale ortografice: Bucharest, Analene Universitii, Seria Stiintele Naturii, Geologie-Geografie, v. 11, no. 32, p. 203-206. [Romanian. A new method of construction of azimuthal orthographic projections.] 593.___1965, Perspectivele cosmografice - un nou sistem de projectii azimutale: Natura, Seria Geografie-Geologie, v. 17, no. 6, p. 16-22. [Romanian. Perspective projection.] 594.___1966, Perspectives cosmographiques - un système utile de projections azimutales: International Yearbook of Cartography, v. 6, p. 25-32. [French with English abstract. Perspective projection.] 595.___1966, Cosmographic perspectives - a useful system of azimuthal projections: Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, Série de Géographie, v. 10, no. 1, p. 21-27. 596.___1966, Primeneniye kosmograficheskikh perspektiv pri deshifrirovanii fotografiy, sdelanykh v kosmose: Geodeziya i Kartografiya, no. 10, p. 59-62. [Russian. The use of "cosmographic" perspectives for making photographs from space.] 597.___1967, Construction des perspectives cosmographiques: Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, Série de Géographie, v. 11, no. 1, p. 73-78. [Perspective projections.] 598.___1968, Cartographic solution for deciphering space-photographs: International Yearbook of Cartography, v. 8, p. 66-74. [Tilted perspective projection.] 599.___1969, Images calculées - pseudocosmophotographies de la Terre: Revue Roumaine Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, Série de Géographie, v. 13, no. 1, p. 83-89. [French with English abstract.] 600.___1971, Mathematische Grundlagen schräger und senkrechter kosmographischer Perspektiven: Allgemeine Vermessungs-Nachrichten, v. 78, no. 5, p. 163-172. [Oblique and vertical perspective projections.] 601.___1973, The cartographic-mathematical theory of cosmographic perspective projections: Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, Série de Géographie, v. 17, no. 1, p. 67-82. 602.___1974, Kosmographische Perspektiv-Projektionen: Allgemeine Vermessungs-Nachrichten, v. 81, no. 4, p. 142-151. 603.___1975, La base cartographique-mathématique de l'Atlas géographique national de la République Socialiste de Roumanie: Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, Série de Géographie, v. 19, no. 2, p. 291-297. [French with English abstract.] 604.___1977, Cosmographic perspective projections - the mathematical model of space photographs, in Kretschmer, Ingrid, ed., Beiträge zur theoretischen Kartographie: Vienna, Franz Deuticke, p. 91-106. 605. Dupraz, Hubert, 1976, Formules pour la transformation de coordonnées géographiques en coordonnées planes et la transformation inverse dans la projection suisse: Lausanne, École Polytechnique Federale, Institut de Géodesie et Mensuration, 17 p. [Coordinate transformation for projection used for Switzerland. See also Vermessung, Photogrammetrie, Kulturtechnik, 1976, v. 74, no. 11-76, p. 313-315.] 606. Durazzo, Pompeo, 1885, Il disegno delle projezioni geografiche; guida allo studio della cartografia: Verona-Padova: Drucker & Tedeschi, 2nd ed., 82 p. [1st ed., 1884.] 607. Dürer, Albrecht, 1538, Unterweysung des Messung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt, v. 4. [Includes discussion of polyhedral globes.] 607a. Dutton, Geoffrey, 1991, Zenithial orthotriangular projection: Auto-Carto 10, ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, Baltimore, Technical Papers, v. 6, p. 77-95. 608. Dwivedi, R.L., 1966, A critique on the construction of the conical map projection (with two standard parallels): Indian Journal of Geography, v. 1, no. 1, p. 57-60. 609. Dyer, G.C., 1971, Polar navigation - a new Transverse Mercator technique: Institute of Navigation, Journal, v. 24, no. 4, p. 484-495. 609a. Dyer, J.A., and Snyder, J.P., 1989, Minimum-error equal-area map projections: Amer. Cartographer, v. 16, no. 1, p. 39-46. 610. Dziadkow